feat(recipes): surligne les tech steps détectés dans les étapes, avec tooltip

Expose côté UI ce que tech-step-matcher.ts détecte déjà à la sauvegarde
(Step.techSteps) mais qui restait backend-only : dans le panneau détail
d'une recette, les mots exacts ayant déclenché une technique sont
surlignés, avec un tooltip (survol/focus clavier) donnant son nom.

- tech-step-matcher.ts : matchTechStepSpans(description, mappings) expose
  désormais {techStepId, start, end} en plus de la simple séquence d'ids
  (déjà calculé en interne, jusqu'ici jeté). matchTechSteps devient un
  wrapper fin dessus — aucun changement à ses ~12 tests existants ni à
  recipe-translation.ts.
- StepTechStep gagne start/end (nullable, pas de backfill — même leçon que
  l'incident de migration ingredient_unit_catalog : NOT NULL sans défaut
  sur une table déjà peuplée casse le déploiement). Une ligne pré-existante
  sans span est simplement omise de la réponse API plutôt que de fuiter un
  null, jusqu'à ce que la recette soit resauvegardée.
- recipe.service.ts : createRecipe/updateRecipe persistent start/end ;
  StepView expose techSteps: { techStep: {id,key}, start, end }[]. Le
  recalcul complet à chaque édition (ajout/modif/suppression d'étape) était
  déjà garanti par le delete-then-recreate existant d'updateRecipe — testé
  explicitement (nouveau test "recomputes techniques from scratch...").
- Frontend : StepDescription.tsx (découpe le texte via
  highlight-tech-steps.ts, pur et testé) remplace le <p> brut dans
  RecipeDetailPanel. Nouveau Tooltip.tsx (composants/ui, CSS pur, aucune
  lib externe — même esprit que Dialog.tsx) : un <button> (focusable
  nativement, pas de tabIndex sur un <mark> non interactif) affiche le nom
  de la technique (catalog.techSteps.<key>) au survol/focus.

Tests : matchTechStepSpans (spans corrects, chevauchement résolu),
recipe.test.ts (forme API + recalcul complet sur modif/ajout/suppression
d'étape, avec vérification que les anciennes lignes StepTechStep sont bien
supprimées), splitDescriptionByTechSteps (tri, bornes invalides ignorées,
chevauchement résiduel ignoré), scénario Cypress recipes.feature
(surlignage + tooltip au focus).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

apps/api/prisma/migrations/20260820140000_step_tech_step_span/migration.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+-- AlterTable
+ALTER TABLE "step_tech_step" ADD COLUMN     "end" INTEGER,
+ADD COLUMN     "start" INTEGER;

apps/api/prisma/schema.prisma

@@ -672,13 +672,26 @@ model Step {
 /// `melt`), which is why this replaced the original single nullable
 /// `Step.techStepId` FK (per PR review feedback on the first version of
 /// this feature). `order` is the position within *this step* (0-based, in
-/// the order `matchTechSteps` — `tech-step-matcher.ts` — detected the
+/// the order `matchTechStepSpans` — `tech-step-matcher.ts` — detected the
 /// techniques in the description), not a global ordering across different
 /// steps of the recipe (that's `Step.order`).
+///
+/// `start`/`end` are the matched span within `Step.description` (see
+/// `TechStepMatch`, `tech-step-matcher.ts`) — what the recipe detail view
+/// highlights. Nullable, **not backfilled**: adding them `NOT NULL` without
+/// a default would fail outright against any pre-existing row, the same
+/// mistake the `ingredient_unit_catalog` migration made against real prod
+/// data. A row from before this column existed just has no span (no
+/// highlight) until its recipe is next saved, which recomputes every step's
+/// techniques from scratch (`recipe.service.ts`'s `updateRecipe` deletes
+/// and recreates every `Step`/`StepTechStep`, never a partial patch) —
+/// graceful degradation, not a permanent gap.
 model StepTechStep {
   stepId     Int @map("step_id")
   techStepId Int @map("tech_step_id")
   order      Int
+  start      Int?
+  end        Int?
 
   step     Step     @relation(fields: [stepId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)
   techStep TechStep @relation(fields: [techStepId], references: [id], onDelete: Cascade)

apps/api/src/lib/tech-step-matcher.ts

@@ -4,21 +4,23 @@ import { prisma } from "../db/prisma.js";
  * Auto-detects which cooking techniques (`TechStep`) a free-text recipe
  * step description corresponds to, using the static `TechStepMapping`
  * catalog (see `reference-seed-data.ts`'s `TECH_STEPS`) — groundwork for a
- * future batch-cooking optimization algorithm, not surfaced in the recipe
+ * future batch-cooking optimization algorithm, and (via `matchTechStepSpans`)
- * UI yet (see `StepView` in `packages/shared`).
+ * what `recipe.service.ts` persists as `StepTechStep.start`/`end` so the
+ * recipe UI can highlight the exact matched words (see `StepView` in
+ * `packages/shared`).
  *
  * A single instruction can genuinely involve more than one technique (e.g.
  * "Dans une poêle chaude, faire chauffer une noix de beurre" is both
- * `preheat` and `melt`) — `matchTechSteps` returns the whole *ordered
+ * `preheat` and `melt`) — both `matchTechSteps`/`matchTechStepSpans` return
- * sequence* it finds, not a single winner, matching `Step.techSteps`
+ * the whole *ordered sequence* they find, not a single winner, matching
- * (schema.prisma's `StepTechStep`, an ordered join table).
+ * `Step.techSteps` (schema.prisma's `StepTechStep`, an ordered join table).
  *
- * `normalizeText`/`matchTechSteps` are pure (no DB access) so they can be
+ * `normalizeText`/`matchTechStepSpans`/`matchTechSteps` are pure (no DB
- * unit-tested in isolation (see `test/tech-step-matcher.test.ts`).
+ * access) so they can be unit-tested in isolation (see
- * `loadTechStepMappingRules` is the only DB-touching piece, kept separate
+ * `test/tech-step-matcher.test.ts`). `loadTechStepMappingRules` is the only
- * so callers (`recipe.service.ts`) fetch the whole mapping list once per
+ * DB-touching piece, kept separate so callers (`recipe.service.ts`) fetch
- * request and pass it to `matchTechSteps` per step, rather than querying
+ * the whole mapping list once per request and pass it to
- * once per step.
+ * `matchTechStepSpans` per step, rather than querying once per step.
  */
 
 /** One `TechStepMapping` row, trimmed to what {@link matchTechSteps} needs. */
@@ -46,7 +48,7 @@ export function normalizeText(text: string): string {
   return text.normalize("NFD").replace(COMBINING_DIACRITICS_PATTERN, "").toLowerCase();
 }
 
-/** Where in the (normalized) description one mapping matched, alongside the rule that matched — the raw material {@link matchTechSteps} resolves into a final sequence. */
+/** Where in the (normalized) description one mapping matched, alongside the rule that matched — the raw material {@link matchTechStepSpans} resolves into a final sequence. */
 interface MatchCandidate extends TechStepMappingRule {
   start: number;
   end: number;
@@ -57,9 +59,23 @@ function overlaps(a: MatchCandidate, b: MatchCandidate): boolean {
   return a.start < b.end && b.start < a.end;
 }
 
+/**
+ * One technique {@link matchTechStepSpans} found, alongside exactly where in
+ * `description` it matched — `[start, end)`, same convention as
+ * `String.prototype.slice`. Persisted as `StepTechStep.start`/`end`
+ * (`recipe.service.ts`) so the recipe detail view can highlight the exact
+ * matched words, not just know a technique was mentioned somewhere.
+ */
+export interface TechStepMatch {
+  techStepId: number;
+  start: number;
+  end: number;
+}
+
 /**
  * Detects every technique `description` mentions among `mappings`, as an
- * ordered sequence of `techStepId`s — empty if none match. The algorithm:
+ * ordered sequence of matches (each carrying *where* it matched) — empty if
+ * none match. The algorithm:
  *
  * 1. Test every mapping against the normalized description; each one that
  *    matches becomes a candidate carrying *where* it matched (so
@@ -81,13 +97,26 @@ function overlaps(a: MatchCandidate, b: MatchCandidate): boolean {
  * 4. Sort what's left by where it appears in the text — the sequence
  *    reads in the same order as the instruction itself.
  *
+ * The returned `start`/`end` are offsets into `normalizeText(description)`,
+ * used as-is against the *original* `description` by callers that slice it
+ * for display (`highlight-tech-steps.ts`, apps/web) — `normalizeText` only
+ * strips diacritics/lowercases, which preserves character count for
+ * realistic French text (canonical NFD decomposition never turns one
+ * character into more than one base character), so this holds in practice.
+ * A pathological input where it doesn't (e.g. a bare standalone `^`, which
+ * `normalizeText` would strip as a diacritic) just produces a slightly
+ * misplaced highlight — degrades silently, doesn't crash.
+ *
  * Pure — takes `mappings` as a plain argument rather than querying Prisma
  * itself, so it's testable without a database (see
  * `loadTechStepMappingRules` for the DB-backed loader). `mappings` should
  * already be filtered to the locale the caller cares about — this function
  * has no notion of locale, it just tests the rules it's given.
  */
-export function matchTechSteps(description: string, mappings: TechStepMappingRule[]): number[] {
+export function matchTechStepSpans(
+  description: string,
+  mappings: TechStepMappingRule[],
+): TechStepMatch[] {
   const normalizedDescription = normalizeText(description);
 
   const candidates: MatchCandidate[] = [];
@@ -123,7 +152,18 @@ export function matchTechSteps(description: string, mappings: TechStepMappingRul
 
   // Step 4: reading order.
   accepted.sort((a, b) => a.start - b.start || a.techStepId - b.techStepId);
-  return accepted.map((candidate) => candidate.techStepId);
+  return accepted.map(({ techStepId, start, end }) => ({ techStepId, start, end }));
+}
+
+/**
+ * Convenience wrapper around {@link matchTechStepSpans} for callers that
+ * only care about *which* techniques matched, not where — e.g.
+ * `recipe-translation.ts`'s `translateRecipeSteps`, which declares a step's
+ * technique sequence for an imported recipe that isn't saved (and so has no
+ * `StepTechStep` row to persist a span into) yet.
+ */
+export function matchTechSteps(description: string, mappings: TechStepMappingRule[]): number[] {
+  return matchTechStepSpans(description, mappings).map((match) => match.techStepId);
 }
 
 /**

apps/api/src/modules/recipe/recipe.service.ts

@@ -8,12 +8,13 @@ import {
   type RecipeSummaryView,
   type RecipeTab,
   type RecipeView,
+  type StepTechStepView,
   type UnitView,
   type UpdateRecipeInput,
 } from "@batch-cooking/shared";
 import type { Prisma } from "@prisma/client";
 import { prisma } from "../../db/prisma.js";
-import { loadTechStepMappingRules, matchTechSteps } from "../../lib/tech-step-matcher.js";
+import { loadTechStepMappingRules, matchTechStepSpans } from "../../lib/tech-step-matcher.js";
 
 // No user-language preference exists anywhere in the app yet (a single
 // "fr" translation file, no locale field on User/UserProfile) — steps are
@@ -36,7 +37,10 @@ function recipeInclude(viewerId: number) {
         unit: true,
       },
     },
-    steps: { orderBy: { order: "asc" } },
+    steps: {
+      orderBy: { order: "asc" },
+      include: { techSteps: { orderBy: { order: "asc" }, include: { techStep: true } } },
+    },
     diets: { include: { diet: true } },
     favoritedBy: { where: { userProfileId: viewerId } },
   } satisfies Prisma.RecipeInclude;
@@ -103,6 +107,28 @@ function toRecipeSummaryView(recipe: RecipeWithDetails): RecipeSummaryView {
   };
 }
 
+/**
+ * Shapes a step's `StepTechStep` rows into {@link StepTechStepView}s — a row
+ * whose `start`/`end` is still `null` (a pre-existing row saved before this
+ * column existed, not yet recomputed by a resave — see the schema doc
+ * comment on `StepTechStep`) is dropped rather than surfaced with a null
+ * span, so the frontend only ever deals with real, highlightable matches.
+ */
+function toStepTechStepViews(
+  techSteps: RecipeWithDetails["steps"][number]["techSteps"],
+): StepTechStepView[] {
+  const views: StepTechStepView[] = [];
+  for (const stepTechStep of techSteps) {
+    if (stepTechStep.start === null || stepTechStep.end === null) continue;
+    views.push({
+      techStep: { id: stepTechStep.techStep.id, key: stepTechStep.techStep.key },
+      start: stepTechStep.start,
+      end: stepTechStep.end,
+    });
+  }
+  return views;
+}
+
 /** Shapes a Prisma `Recipe` (with {@link recipeInclude} included) into the public {@link RecipeView}. */
 function toRecipeView(recipe: RecipeWithDetails): RecipeView {
   const ingredients = recipe.ingredients.map((recipeIngredient) => ({
@@ -118,6 +144,7 @@ function toRecipeView(recipe: RecipeWithDetails): RecipeView {
       description: step.description,
       picture: step.picture,
       order: step.order,
+      techSteps: toStepTechStepViews(step.techSteps),
     })),
   };
 }
@@ -365,8 +392,10 @@ export async function createRecipe(
           picture: step.picture ?? null,
           order: index,
           techSteps: {
-            create: matchTechSteps(step.description, techStepMappings).map((techStepId, order) => ({
+            create: matchTechStepSpans(step.description, techStepMappings).map((match, order) => ({
-              techStepId,
+              techStepId: match.techStepId,
+              start: match.start,
+              end: match.end,
               order,
             })),
           },
@@ -429,9 +458,11 @@ export async function updateRecipe(
             picture: step.picture ?? null,
             order: index,
             techSteps: {
-              create: matchTechSteps(step.description, techStepMappings).map(
+              create: matchTechStepSpans(step.description, techStepMappings).map(
-                (techStepId, order) => ({
+                (match, order) => ({
-                  techStepId,
+                  techStepId: match.techStepId,
+                  start: match.start,
+                  end: match.end,
                   order,
                 }),
               ),

apps/api/test/recipe.test.ts

@@ -377,19 +377,27 @@ describe("Recipes", () => {
       const tomate = await ingredientId("tomato");
       const piece = await unitId("piece");
       const simmer = await techStepId("simmer");
+      const description = "Faire mijoter à feu doux pendant 30 minutes";
 
       const res = await agent.post("/recipes").send({
         name: "Ragoût",
         portions: 4,
         dietIds: [],
         ingredients: [{ ingredientId: tomate, quantity: 1, unitId: piece }],
-        steps: [{ description: "Faire mijoter à feu doux pendant 30 minutes" }],
+        steps: [{ description }],
       });
 
       expect(res.status).to.equal(201);
-      // Not in the API response (see StepView) — check via Prisma directly.
       const step = await prisma.step.findFirstOrThrow({ where: { recipeId: res.body.id } });
       expect(await stepTechStepIds(step.id)).to.deep.equal([simmer]);
+      // Exposed via StepView too — the whole point of persisting start/end
+      // (see tech-step-matcher.ts's matchTechStepSpans) is that the API
+      // response itself carries exactly what to highlight, not just the id.
+      const resStep = res.body.steps[0];
+      expect(resStep.techSteps).to.have.length(1);
+      expect(resStep.techSteps[0].techStep).to.deep.equal({ id: simmer, key: "simmer" });
+      const { start, end } = resStep.techSteps[0];
+      expect(description.slice(start, end).toLowerCase()).to.equal("mijoter");
     });
 
     it("leaves a step's technique sequence empty when its description matches no known technique", async () => {
@@ -466,6 +474,7 @@ describe("Recipes", () => {
       const piece = await unitId("piece");
       const preheat = await techStepId("preheat");
       const melt = await techStepId("melt");
+      const description = "Préchauffer la poêle, puis faire fondre le beurre";
 
       const res = await agent.post("/recipes").send({
         name: "Poêlée",
@@ -473,12 +482,25 @@ describe("Recipes", () => {
         dietIds: [],
         ingredients: [{ ingredientId: tomate, quantity: 1, unitId: piece }],
         // The case that motivated the sequence model: one instruction, two techniques.
-        steps: [{ description: "Préchauffer la poêle, puis faire fondre le beurre" }],
+        steps: [{ description }],
       });
 
       expect(res.status).to.equal(201);
       const step = await prisma.step.findFirstOrThrow({ where: { recipeId: res.body.id } });
       expect(await stepTechStepIds(step.id)).to.deep.equal([preheat, melt]);
+      // Each entry's span, sliced back out of the description, is exactly
+      // the word(s) that triggered that particular match.
+      const resTechSteps = res.body.steps[0].techSteps;
+      expect(resTechSteps.map((t: { techStep: { key: string } }) => t.techStep.key)).to.deep.equal([
+        "preheat",
+        "melt",
+      ]);
+      expect(description.slice(resTechSteps[0].start, resTechSteps[0].end).toLowerCase()).to.equal(
+        "préchauffer",
+      );
+      expect(description.slice(resTechSteps[1].start, resTechSteps[1].end).toLowerCase()).to.equal(
+        "faire fondre",
+      );
     });
 
     it("rejects an unknown ingredientId with 404 INGREDIENT_NOT_FOUND", async () => {
@@ -719,6 +741,82 @@ describe("Recipes", () => {
       expect(await stepTechStepIds(step.id)).to.deep.equal([mince]);
     });
 
+    it("recomputes techniques from scratch on every edit — modifying, adding, and removing a step all take effect, nothing stale survives", async () => {
+      const { agent } = await signup();
+      const tomate = await ingredientId("tomato");
+      const piece = await unitId("piece");
+      const chop = await techStepId("chop");
+      const mince = await techStepId("mince");
+      const melt = await techStepId("melt");
+      const simmer = await techStepId("simmer");
+      const bake = await techStepId("bake");
+
+      const created = await agent.post("/recipes").send({
+        name: "Ragoût",
+        portions: 4,
+        dietIds: [],
+        ingredients: [{ ingredientId: tomate, quantity: 1, unitId: piece }],
+        steps: [
+          { description: "Hacher les oignons" }, // chop
+          { description: "Faire mijoter à feu doux" }, // simmer
+          { description: "Cuire au four" }, // bake
+        ],
+      });
+      expect(created.status).to.equal(201);
+      const originalStepIds = (
+        await prisma.step.findMany({ where: { recipeId: created.body.id } })
+      ).map((s) => s.id);
+      expect(originalStepIds).to.have.length(3);
+      // Sanity check before the edit — each original step really did get a
+      // techStepId chop/simmer/bake (proves the later assertions are
+      // actually about recomputation, not about it never having matched).
+      expect((await Promise.all(originalStepIds.map(stepTechStepIds))).flat().sort()).to.deep.equal(
+        [chop, simmer, bake].sort(),
+      );
+
+      // Edit: step 1's description changes (chop -> mince), a brand new
+      // step 2 is added (-> melt), and the old steps 2/3 (simmer/bake) are
+      // dropped entirely — the three cases the recompute guarantee has to
+      // cover (see StepTechStep's schema doc comment).
+      const editedDescription = "Émincer les tomates";
+      const addedDescription = "Faire fondre le beurre";
+      const res = await agent.patch(`/recipes/${created.body.id}`).send({
+        name: "Ragoût",
+        portions: 4,
+        dietIds: [],
+        ingredients: [{ ingredientId: tomate, quantity: 1, unitId: piece }],
+        steps: [{ description: editedDescription }, { description: addedDescription }],
+      });
+
+      expect(res.status).to.equal(200);
+      expect(res.body.steps).to.have.length(2);
+      expect(
+        res.body.steps.map((s: { techSteps: { techStep: { key: string } }[] }) =>
+          s.techSteps.map((t) => t.techStep.key),
+        ),
+      ).to.deep.equal([["mince"], ["melt"]]);
+      // Modified step's span reflects the NEW text, not a stale one from
+      // "Hacher les oignons" (which doesn't even contain "émincer").
+      const editedTechStep = res.body.steps[0].techSteps[0];
+      expect(
+        editedDescription.slice(editedTechStep.start, editedTechStep.end).toLowerCase(),
+      ).to.equal("émincer");
+      const addedTechStep = res.body.steps[1].techSteps[0];
+      expect(addedDescription.slice(addedTechStep.start, addedTechStep.end).toLowerCase()).to.equal(
+        "faire fondre",
+      );
+
+      // The dropped steps' old rows are actually gone (cascade), not just
+      // invisible in the response — confirms "delete" really deletes rather
+      // than orphaning StepTechStep rows nothing references any more.
+      const remainingSteps = await prisma.step.findMany({ where: { recipeId: created.body.id } });
+      expect(remainingSteps).to.have.length(2);
+      const orphanedTechSteps = await prisma.stepTechStep.findMany({
+        where: { stepId: { in: originalStepIds } },
+      });
+      expect(orphanedTechSteps).to.deep.equal([]);
+    });
+
     it("returns 404 RECIPE_NOT_FOUND for an unknown id", async () => {
       const { agent } = await signup();
       const tomate = await ingredientId("tomato");

apps/api/test/tech-step-matcher.test.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { prisma } from "../src/db/prisma.js";
 import {
   type TechStepMappingRule,
   loadTechStepMappingRules,
+  matchTechStepSpans,
   matchTechSteps,
   normalizeText,
 } from "../src/lib/tech-step-matcher.js";
@@ -151,6 +152,71 @@ describe("tech-step-matcher", () => {
     });
   });
 
+  describe("matchTechStepSpans", () => {
+    // Same fixtures as `matchTechSteps` above (kept local to this describe
+    // block rather than shared — each block's fixtures should be readable
+    // on their own).
+    const simmer: TechStepMappingRule = {
+      techStepId: 1,
+      expression: "\\bmijot(er|ez|e|ant|é)\\b",
+      weight: 15,
+    };
+    const cook: TechStepMappingRule = {
+      techStepId: 2,
+      expression: "\\bcui(re|sez|sant|sson)\\b|\\bcuit(e|es|s)?\\b",
+      weight: 10,
+    };
+    const bake: TechStepMappingRule = {
+      techStepId: 3,
+      expression:
+        "\\bcuire au four\\b|\\bcuisson au four\\b|\\benfourn(er|ez|é|ée|ées)\\b|\\bau four\\b",
+      weight: 25,
+    };
+    const preheat: TechStepMappingRule = {
+      techStepId: 4,
+      expression: "\\bpr[ée]chauff(er|ez|é|ée)\\b",
+      weight: 20,
+    };
+    const melt: TechStepMappingRule = {
+      techStepId: 5,
+      expression: "\\bfondre\\b|\\bfaire fondre\\b|\\bfaites fondre\\b",
+      weight: 15,
+    };
+
+    it("returns the matched span alongside the techStepId for a simple match", () => {
+      // "Faire mijoter à feu doux" — "mijoter" starts right after "Faire ".
+      expect(matchTechStepSpans("Faire mijoter à feu doux", [simmer])).to.deep.equal([
+        { techStepId: 1, start: 6, end: 13 },
+      ]);
+    });
+
+    it("returns an empty list when nothing matches", () => {
+      expect(matchTechStepSpans("Servir immédiatement", [simmer, cook, bake])).to.deep.equal([]);
+    });
+
+    it("returns each distinct technique's own span, in reading order", () => {
+      const text = "Préchauffer la poêle, puis faire fondre le beurre";
+      const result = matchTechStepSpans(text, [preheat, melt]);
+      expect(result).to.have.length(2);
+      expect(result[0].techStepId).to.equal(4);
+      expect(result[1].techStepId).to.equal(5);
+      // Each span, sliced back out of the original text, is exactly the
+      // word(s) that triggered that match — what the frontend needs to
+      // highlight the right characters.
+      expect(text.slice(result[0].start, result[0].end).toLowerCase()).to.equal("préchauffer");
+      expect(text.slice(result[1].start, result[1].end).toLowerCase()).to.equal("faire fondre");
+    });
+
+    it("keeps only the winning span when two techniques' expressions overlap", () => {
+      // `bake` (weight 25) wins over `cook` (weight 10) for "cuire au four"
+      // — only bake's span survives, not two overlapping entries.
+      const text = "Cuire au four pendant 30 minutes";
+      const result = matchTechStepSpans(text, [cook, bake]);
+      expect(result).to.deep.equal([{ techStepId: 3, start: 0, end: 13 }]);
+      expect(text.slice(0, 13)).to.equal("Cuire au four");
+    });
+  });
+
   describe("loadTechStepMappingRules", () => {
     beforeEach(async () => {
       await resetDatabase();

apps/web/cypress/component/highlight-tech-steps.cy.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+import type { StepTechStepView } from "@batch-cooking/shared";
+import { splitDescriptionByTechSteps } from "../../src/features/recipes/highlight-tech-steps";
+
+// Pure logic, no DOM/mount needed — reuses the component-test runner
+// (Cypress's Mocha/Chai, same as CheckboxOption.cy.tsx) purely for its
+// `expect`, not for rendering. `.cy.tsx` (not `.cy.ts`) only because that's
+// what `cypress.config.ts`'s component `specPattern` looks for.
+
+function techStep(key: string, id: number, start: number, end: number): StepTechStepView {
+  return { techStep: { id, key }, start, end };
+}
+
+describe("splitDescriptionByTechSteps", () => {
+  it("returns the whole description as one plain segment when there are no matches", () => {
+    expect(splitDescriptionByTechSteps("Servir immédiatement", [])).to.deep.equal([
+      { text: "Servir immédiatement", techStep: null },
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it("splits a single match into before/match/after segments", () => {
+    // "Faire mijoter à feu doux" — "mijoter" is [6, 13).
+    const result = splitDescriptionByTechSteps("Faire mijoter à feu doux", [
+      techStep("simmer", 1, 6, 13),
+    ]);
+    expect(result).to.deep.equal([
+      { text: "Faire ", techStep: null },
+      { text: "mijoter", techStep: { id: 1, key: "simmer" } },
+      { text: " à feu doux", techStep: null },
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it("handles a match at the very start, with nothing before it", () => {
+    const result = splitDescriptionByTechSteps("Hacher les oignons", [techStep("chop", 2, 0, 6)]);
+    expect(result).to.deep.equal([
+      { text: "Hacher", techStep: { id: 2, key: "chop" } },
+      { text: " les oignons", techStep: null },
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it("handles a match at the very end, with nothing after it", () => {
+    const result = splitDescriptionByTechSteps("Faire cuire", [techStep("cook", 3, 6, 11)]);
+    expect(result).to.deep.equal([
+      { text: "Faire ", techStep: null },
+      { text: "cuire", techStep: { id: 3, key: "cook" } },
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it("handles several non-adjacent matches, preserving the plain text between them", () => {
+    const text = "Préchauffer la poêle, puis faire fondre le beurre";
+    const result = splitDescriptionByTechSteps(text, [
+      techStep("preheat", 4, 0, 11),
+      techStep("melt", 5, 27, 39),
+    ]);
+    expect(result.map((s) => s.text).join("")).to.equal(text);
+    expect(result.filter((s) => s.techStep !== null)).to.have.length(2);
+    expect(result[0]).to.deep.equal({ text: "Préchauffer", techStep: { id: 4, key: "preheat" } });
+  });
+
+  it("re-sorts entries that aren't already in start order", () => {
+    const text = "Faire fondre le beurre puis préchauffer le four";
+    // Passed in techStepId order, not text order — the function must sort
+    // by `start`, not trust the input order.
+    const result = splitDescriptionByTechSteps(text, [
+      techStep("preheat", 4, 28, 39),
+      techStep("melt", 5, 0, 12),
+    ]);
+    const matches = result.filter((s) => s.techStep !== null);
+    expect(matches.map((s) => s.techStep?.key)).to.deep.equal(["melt", "preheat"]);
+  });
+
+  it("drops a match whose end is past the end of the description", () => {
+    const result = splitDescriptionByTechSteps("Cuire", [techStep("cook", 3, 0, 999)]);
+    expect(result).to.deep.equal([{ text: "Cuire", techStep: null }]);
+  });
+
+  it("drops a match with a negative start", () => {
+    const result = splitDescriptionByTechSteps("Cuire", [techStep("cook", 3, -1, 5)]);
+    expect(result).to.deep.equal([{ text: "Cuire", techStep: null }]);
+  });
+
+  it("drops a match whose start isn't before its end", () => {
+    const result = splitDescriptionByTechSteps("Cuire", [techStep("cook", 3, 3, 3)]);
+    expect(result).to.deep.equal([{ text: "Cuire", techStep: null }]);
+  });
+
+  it("drops a later match that overlaps one already accepted", () => {
+    // Two entries claiming overlapping ranges shouldn't happen in practice
+    // (the backend already resolves overlaps), but the splitter defends
+    // against it anyway rather than producing a garbled/duplicated slice.
+    const result = splitDescriptionByTechSteps("Cuire au four", [
+      techStep("bake", 3, 0, 13),
+      techStep("cook", 2, 0, 5),
+    ]);
+    expect(result).to.deep.equal([{ text: "Cuire au four", techStep: { id: 3, key: "bake" } }]);
+  });
+
+  it("returns a single empty-ish segment for an empty description with no matches", () => {
+    expect(splitDescriptionByTechSteps("", [])).to.deep.equal([]);
+  });
+});

apps/web/cypress/e2e/recipes.cy.ts

@@ -64,8 +64,8 @@ const omeletteDetail = {
     },
   ],
   steps: [
-    { id: 1, description: "Battre les œufs.", picture: null, order: 1 },
+    { id: 1, description: "Battre les œufs.", picture: null, order: 1, techSteps: [] },
-    { id: 2, description: "Cuire à la poêle.", picture: null, order: 2 },
+    { id: 2, description: "Cuire à la poêle.", picture: null, order: 2, techSteps: [] },
   ],
 };
 

apps/web/cypress/e2e/recipes.feature

@@ -19,6 +19,14 @@ Feature: Managing a recipe from the catalog
     And the favorite star should be marked as favorite
     And the recipe "Omelette" should be marked as favorite
 
+  Scenario: Highlights a detected technique in a step, with its name shown on focus
+    Given the recipe catalog contains "Omelette"
+    And recipe 2's detail is available
+    When I visit "/recettes/2"
+    Then I should see the highlighted technique "Cuire"
+    When I focus the highlighted technique "Cuire"
+    Then the tooltip should show "Cuire"
+
   Scenario: Deletes a recipe after a two-step confirmation, then clears the selection
     Given the recipe catalog contains "Omelette"
     And recipe 2's detail is available

apps/web/cypress/e2e/recipes.ts

@@ -34,8 +34,17 @@ const omeletteDetail = {
     },
   ],
   steps: [
-    { id: 1, description: "Battre les œufs.", picture: null, order: 1 },
+    { id: 1, description: "Battre les œufs.", picture: null, order: 1, techSteps: [] },
-    { id: 2, description: "Cuire à la poêle.", picture: null, order: 2 },
+    {
+      id: 2,
+      description: "Cuire à la poêle.",
+      picture: null,
+      order: 2,
+      // "Cuire" -> the `cook` technique, matching real reference-seed-data.ts
+      // (`\bcui(re|sez|sant|sson)\b`) — "poêle" itself matches nothing
+      // (that's `panFry`'s "sauter", a different word).
+      techSteps: [{ techStep: { id: 1, key: "cook" }, start: 0, end: 5 }],
+    },
   ],
 };
 
@@ -102,3 +111,15 @@ Then("the delete request should have been made", () => {
 Then("the URL should match the recipes list", () => {
   cy.url().should("match", /\/recettes\/?$/);
 });
+
+Then("I should see the highlighted technique {string}", (text: string) => {
+  cy.contains(".step-tech-step", text).should("be.visible");
+});
+
+When("I focus the highlighted technique {string}", (text: string) => {
+  cy.contains(".step-tech-step", text).focus();
+});
+
+Then("the tooltip should show {string}", (label: string) => {
+  cy.get(".tooltip__bubble").contains(label).should("be.visible");
+});

apps/web/src/components/ui/Tooltip.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+import { type ReactElement, cloneElement, useId } from "react";
+import "./tooltip.scss";
+
+/**
+ * App-wide tooltip primitive — CSS-only (no positioning library, same
+ * "let the browser/CSS do the work" philosophy as `Dialog.tsx`'s native
+ * `<dialog>`): a `position: relative` wrapper around `children` (the
+ * trigger) plus a `role="tooltip"` bubble, shown via `:hover`/
+ * `:focus-within` on the wrapper (see `tooltip.scss`) rather than JS state.
+ *
+ * `children` must be a single focusable element (e.g. the highlighted
+ * `<button>` in `StepDescription.tsx`) — this component clones
+ * it to attach `aria-describedby`, linking the trigger to the bubble's text
+ * for screen readers, the same way a native `title` attribute would be
+ * announced, but with real, styleable content instead of the UA tooltip.
+ */
+export function Tooltip({
+  content,
+  children,
+}: {
+  content: string;
+  children: ReactElement<{ "aria-describedby"?: string }>;
+}) {
+  const id = useId();
+
+  return (
+    <span className="tooltip">
+      {cloneElement(children, { "aria-describedby": id })}
+      <span role="tooltip" id={id} className="tooltip__bubble">
+        {content}
+      </span>
+    </span>
+  );
+}

apps/web/src/components/ui/tooltip.scss

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Tooltip primitive — see Tooltip.tsx. Shown via :hover/:focus-within on
+// the wrapper, no JS positioning: a small bubble centered above the
+// trigger, with a matching arrow. Colocated here rather than in
+// global.scss, same convention as dialog.scss.
+
+.tooltip {
+  position: relative;
+  display: inline;
+}
+
+.tooltip__bubble {
+  position: absolute;
+  bottom: calc(100% + var(--space-xs));
+  left: 50%;
+  z-index: 10;
+  width: max-content;
+  max-width: 16rem;
+  padding: var(--space-xs) var(--space-sm);
+  font-size: var(--font-size-xs);
+  font-weight: 400;
+  line-height: 1.3;
+  color: var(--color-background);
+  background: var(--color-text);
+  border-radius: var(--radius-base);
+  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
+  opacity: 0;
+  visibility: hidden;
+  transform: translate(-50%, 4px);
+  transition:
+    opacity 0.12s ease,
+    transform 0.12s ease,
+    visibility 0.12s;
+  pointer-events: none;
+
+  // Small arrow pointing down at the trigger.
+  &::after {
+    position: absolute;
+    top: 100%;
+    left: 50%;
+    width: 0.5rem;
+    height: 0.5rem;
+    content: "";
+    background: var(--color-text);
+    transform: translate(-50%, -50%) rotate(45deg);
+  }
+}
+
+.tooltip:hover .tooltip__bubble,
+.tooltip:focus-within .tooltip__bubble {
+  opacity: 1;
+  visibility: visible;
+  transform: translate(-50%, 0);
+}

apps/web/src/features/recipes/RecipeDetailPanel.tsx

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { ApiError, apiClient } from "../../api/client";
 import { errorMessageService } from "../../services/error-message.service";
 import { AllergenBadges } from "./AllergenBadges";
 import { FavoriteStarButton } from "./FavoriteStarButton";
+import { StepDescription } from "./StepDescription";
 import "./recipes.scss";
 
 /** State {@link RecipeDetailPanel} renders — `"empty"` (no row selected yet) is distinct from `"not-found"` (a selected id that turned out invalid/inaccessible), each with its own message. */
@@ -129,7 +130,7 @@ export function RecipeDetailPanel({
           {recipe.steps.map((step) => (
             <li key={step.id}>
               {step.picture && <img src={step.picture} alt="" />}
-              <p>{step.description}</p>
+              <StepDescription description={step.description} techSteps={step.techSteps} />
             </li>
           ))}
         </ol>

apps/web/src/features/recipes/StepDescription.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+import type { StepTechStepView } from "@batch-cooking/shared";
+import { Fragment } from "react";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
+import { Tooltip } from "../../components/ui/Tooltip";
+import { splitDescriptionByTechSteps } from "./highlight-tech-steps";
+
+/**
+ * A recipe step's description, with every detected technique's exact
+ * matched words highlighted and given a {@link Tooltip} naming the
+ * technique (e.g. hovering/focusing "hacher" in "Hacher les oignons" shows
+ * "Hacher") — `RecipeDetailPanel`'s replacement for a bare `<p>{description}</p>`.
+ *
+ * `techStep.key` resolves its tooltip label through `catalog.techSteps.<key>`
+ * i18n, the same pattern every other reference catalog (diets, units, …)
+ * uses for its display text.
+ */
+export function StepDescription({
+  description,
+  techSteps,
+}: {
+  description: string;
+  techSteps: StepTechStepView[];
+}) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const segments = splitDescriptionByTechSteps(description, techSteps);
+
+  return (
+    <p>
+      {segments.map((segment, index) => {
+        // A segment's own text/techStep don't uniquely identify it (the
+        // same word can appear twice in one description) — index is the
+        // only thing that does, but this list is fully regenerated from
+        // `description`/`techSteps` on every render (never reordered or
+        // spliced in place), so using it as part of the key is safe here.
+        const key = `${index}-${segment.text}`;
+        if (!segment.techStep) return <Fragment key={key}>{segment.text}</Fragment>;
+        return (
+          <Tooltip key={key} content={t(`catalog.techSteps.${segment.techStep.key}`)}>
+            {/* A real <button>, not a <mark>, so it's natively focusable
+                (keyboard/screen-reader users can reach the tooltip) without
+                fighting the "non-interactive element" a11y lint a bare
+                tabIndex on <mark> would trip — styled to read as inline
+                highlighted text, not as a button (see .step-tech-step). */}
+            <button type="button" className="step-tech-step">
+              {segment.text}
+            </button>
+          </Tooltip>
+        );
+      })}
+    </p>
+  );
+}

apps/web/src/features/recipes/highlight-tech-steps.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+import type { StepTechStepView } from "@batch-cooking/shared";
+
+/**
+ * One run of a step's `description` — either plain text, or the exact
+ * words that triggered a technique match (`techStep` set). What
+ * `StepDescription.tsx` renders: plain segments as-is, technique segments
+ * wrapped in a highlighted, tooltip-bearing `<mark>`.
+ */
+export interface DescriptionSegment {
+  text: string;
+  techStep: StepTechStepView["techStep"] | null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Splits `description` into an ordered sequence of plain/technique
+ * {@link DescriptionSegment}s using each `techSteps` entry's `start`/`end`
+ * (see `StepTechStepView`, resolved server-side by
+ * `tech-step-matcher.ts`'s `matchTechStepSpans`).
+ *
+ * `techSteps` is expected already sorted by `start` (the API returns it in
+ * `StepTechStep.order`, which *is* reading order — see that model's schema
+ * doc comment) but this re-sorts defensively rather than assuming it, and
+ * silently drops any entry whose bounds don't make sense against
+ * `description` (`start < 0`, `end > description.length`, `start >= end`,
+ * or overlapping a previously-accepted entry) — a malformed/out-of-date
+ * span degrades to "just don't highlight that one" rather than a garbled
+ * slice or a crash.
+ */
+export function splitDescriptionByTechSteps(
+  description: string,
+  techSteps: StepTechStepView[],
+): DescriptionSegment[] {
+  const sorted = [...techSteps].sort((a, b) => a.start - b.start);
+
+  const segments: DescriptionSegment[] = [];
+  let cursor = 0;
+  for (const { techStep, start, end } of sorted) {
+    if (start < 0 || end > description.length || start >= end || start < cursor) continue;
+    if (start > cursor) segments.push({ text: description.slice(cursor, start), techStep: null });
+    segments.push({ text: description.slice(start, end), techStep });
+    cursor = end;
+  }
+  if (cursor < description.length) {
+    segments.push({ text: description.slice(cursor), techStep: null });
+  }
+  return segments;
+}

apps/web/src/features/recipes/recipes.scss

@@ -537,6 +537,34 @@
   }
 }
 
+// A step's detected-technique keyword (see StepDescription.tsx) — a real
+// <button> (natively focusable, so the Tooltip it wraps is
+// keyboard-reachable, not just hoverable — see that component), reset here
+// to read as inline highlighted text rather than a button: a subtle dotted
+// underline + tinted background, same "primary-tinted" language as
+// `.source-select__badge.is-official`, not a loud/distracting highlight
+// since it sits inline within normal reading text.
+.step-tech-step {
+  display: inline;
+  padding: 0 0.15em;
+  margin: 0;
+  font: inherit;
+  color: inherit;
+  background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-primary) 14%, transparent);
+  border: none;
+  border-radius: 0.2em;
+  text-decoration: underline dotted var(--color-primary);
+  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
+  text-underline-offset: 0.15em;
+  cursor: help;
+
+  &:hover,
+  &:focus-visible {
+    background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-primary) 24%, transparent);
+    outline: none;
+  }
+}
+
 // --- Favorite star toggle (detail panel header) -----------------------------
 .favorite-star-button {
   position: absolute;

packages/shared/src/types/recipe.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type { AllergyView, DietView, IngredientView, UnitView } from "./reference.js";
+import type { AllergyView, DietView, IngredientView, TechStepView, UnitView } from "./reference.js";
 
 /**
  * Who can *read* a recipe — mirrors `RecipeVisibility` in schema.prisma.
@@ -25,17 +25,34 @@ export interface RecipeIngredientView {
 }
 
 /**
- * A single preparation step within a recipe, in `order`. Its detected
+ * One detected technique within a {@link StepView}'s description, resolved
- * technique sequence (`Step.techSteps`/`StepTechStep` in schema.prisma,
+ * to its reference data (same "resolve at read time" treatment as
- * auto-computed at save time via `tech-step-matcher.ts`) is deliberately
+ * {@link RecipeIngredientView}'s `ingredient`/`unit`) alongside exactly
- * not surfaced here — groundwork for a future batch-cooking optimization
+ * where in `description` it was matched (`[start, end)`, same convention as
- * algorithm, not yet consumed by any UI.
+ * `String.prototype.slice`) — what the recipe detail view highlights, with
+ * `techStep.key` resolving a tooltip label through `catalog.techSteps.<key>`
+ * i18n, the same pattern as every other reference catalog.
+ */
+export interface StepTechStepView {
+  techStep: TechStepView;
+  start: number;
+  end: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * A single preparation step within a recipe, in `order`. `techSteps` is its
+ * detected technique sequence (`Step.techSteps`/`StepTechStep` in
+ * schema.prisma, auto-computed at save time via `tech-step-matcher.ts`) —
+ * empty if the description doesn't mention any known technique, or if it
+ * does but the match predates `StepTechStep.start`/`end` existing and the
+ * recipe hasn't been resaved since (see the schema doc comment).
  */
 export interface StepView {
   id: number;
   description: string;
   picture: string | null;
   order: number;
+  techSteps: StepTechStepView[];
 }
 
 /**