apps/api/prisma/migrations/20260909140000_tech_step_placeholder/migration.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+-- AlterTable: off-catalog technique "placeholder" rows (issue #130, puce 3
+-- de #3) — a user names a technique the catalog is missing while correcting a
+-- step. Every existing row is a real seeded catalog entry, so the flag
+-- defaults to false and the four new nullable columns stay NULL for them —
+-- no backfill needed. Mirrors the `ingredients` placeholder migration.
+ALTER TABLE "tech_step" ADD COLUMN "is_placeholder" BOOLEAN NOT NULL DEFAULT false;
+ALTER TABLE "tech_step" ADD COLUMN "display_name" TEXT;
+ALTER TABLE "tech_step" ADD COLUMN "created_by_id" INTEGER;
+ALTER TABLE "tech_step" ADD COLUMN "created_at" TIMESTAMP(3);
+ALTER TABLE "tech_step" ADD COLUMN "reviewed_at" TIMESTAMP(3);
+
+-- CreateIndex
+CREATE INDEX "tech_step_is_placeholder_idx" ON "tech_step"("is_placeholder");
+
+-- AddForeignKey
+ALTER TABLE "tech_step" ADD CONSTRAINT "tech_step_created_by_id_fkey" FOREIGN KEY ("created_by_id") REFERENCES "user_profiles"("id") ON DELETE SET NULL ON UPDATE CASCADE;

apps/api/prisma/schema.prisma

@@ -134,6 +134,9 @@ model UserProfile {
   /// Placeholder `Ingredient` rows this profile created by typing a free-text
   /// ingredient the catalog didn't cover — see `Ingredient.isPlaceholder`.
   createdIngredientPlaceholders Ingredient[] @relation("PlaceholderCreator")
+  /// Placeholder `TechStep` rows this profile proposed while correcting a step
+  /// — see `TechStep.isPlaceholder`.
+  createdTechStepPlaceholders   TechStep[]   @relation("TechStepPlaceholderCreator")
   /// Contact-form messages this profile has sent — see {@link ContactMessage}.
   contactMessages               ContactMessage[]
 
@@ -718,6 +721,33 @@ model TechStep {
   id  Int    @id @default(autoincrement())
   key String @unique
 
+  /// `true` = a "placeholder" technique: a free-text technique a user typed
+  /// while correcting a step, because nothing in the seeded catalog matched
+  /// (issue #131 for the ingredient precedent this mirrors — see
+  /// `Ingredient.isPlaceholder`). Such a row has `displayName` non-null, a
+  /// generated `key` (`placeholder:<uuid>`, never an i18n label), no
+  /// training data of its own, and is excluded from
+  /// `GET /reference/tech-steps`. It is still referenced by `StepTechStep`
+  /// like any other technique (the correction that created it applies
+  /// immediately), but a maintainer reviews it at
+  /// `/admin/catalogue` (Techniques tab) and promotes it into the real
+  /// catalog by hand (`reference-seed-data.ts` + `tech-step-training-data.ts`).
+  isPlaceholder Boolean   @default(false) @map("is_placeholder")
+  /// The exact text the user typed — `null` for a real catalog row (whose
+  /// label lives in i18n under `catalog.techSteps.<key>`). Non-null iff
+  /// `isPlaceholder`, enforced service-side.
+  displayName   String?   @map("display_name")
+  /// Profile that first proposed this technique — context for the admin
+  /// review. `onDelete: SetNull` so deleting an account never blocks on the
+  /// recipes still using its placeholder. `null` for a real catalog row.
+  createdById   Int?      @map("created_by_id")
+  /// When this placeholder was proposed. `null` for a real catalog row.
+  createdAt     DateTime? @map("created_at")
+  /// Stamped once a maintainer has triaged this proposal
+  /// (`PATCH /admin/api/catalog/tech-step-placeholders/mark-reviewed`).
+  /// `null` while pending / for a real catalog row.
+  reviewedAt    DateTime? @map("reviewed_at")
+
   steps                  StepTechStep[]
   /// Corrections where this technique was the *previous* (possibly wrong)
   /// match — see `StepTechStepCorrection.previousTechStepId`.
@@ -728,7 +758,10 @@ model TechStep {
   /// Training-corpus suggestions targeting this technique — see
   /// `TechStepTrainingSuggestion`.
   trainingSuggestions    TechStepTrainingSuggestion[]
+  /// The profile that proposed this row when it is a placeholder — see `createdById`.
+  createdBy              UserProfile?                @relation("TechStepPlaceholderCreator", fields: [createdById], references: [id], onDelete: SetNull)
 
+  @@index([isPlaceholder])
   @@map("tech_step")
 }
 

apps/api/src/modules/admin/admin-catalog.routes.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 import { wrapAsyncHandler } from "@batch-cooking/express-tools";
-import { listPlaceholdersQuerySchema, markPlaceholdersReviewedSchema } from "@batch-cooking/shared";
+import {
+  listPlaceholdersQuerySchema,
+  listTechStepPlaceholdersQuerySchema,
+  markPlaceholdersReviewedSchema,
+  markTechStepPlaceholdersReviewedSchema,
+} from "@batch-cooking/shared";
 import { Router } from "express";
 import { requireAdmin } from "../../middlewares/require-admin.js";
 import {
@@ -7,12 +12,17 @@ import {
   markPlaceholdersReviewed,
   pruneOrphanPlaceholders,
 } from "./admin-catalog.service.js";
+import {
+  listTechStepPlaceholders,
+  markTechStepPlaceholdersReviewed,
+} from "./admin-tech-step-catalog.service.js";
 
 /**
  * Router mounted at `/admin/api/catalog` (via `admin.routes.ts`) — every route
- * behind {@link requireAdmin}. Surfaces the off-catalog ingredient
+ * behind {@link requireAdmin}. Surfaces the off-catalog "placeholders" users
- * "placeholders" users typed when the seeded catalog fell short, so a
+ * typed when the seeded catalog fell short — free-text ingredients on a
- * maintainer can see what's missing and mark gaps as handled.
+ * recipe line, and free-text techniques while correcting a step (issue #130)
+ * — so a maintainer can see what's missing and mark gaps as handled.
  */
 export const adminCatalogRouter = Router();
 
@@ -42,3 +52,29 @@ adminCatalogRouter.post(
     res.status(200).json(await pruneOrphanPlaceholders());
   }),
 );
+
+// --- Missing techniques (issue #130) --------------------------------------
+
+adminCatalogRouter.get(
+  "/tech-step-placeholders",
+  requireAdmin,
+  wrapAsyncHandler(async (req, res) => {
+    res
+      .status(200)
+      .json(await listTechStepPlaceholders(listTechStepPlaceholdersQuerySchema.parse(req.query)));
+  }),
+);
+
+adminCatalogRouter.patch(
+  "/tech-step-placeholders/mark-reviewed",
+  requireAdmin,
+  wrapAsyncHandler(async (req, res) => {
+    res
+      .status(200)
+      .json(
+        await markTechStepPlaceholdersReviewed(
+          markTechStepPlaceholdersReviewedSchema.parse(req.body),
+        ),
+      );
+  }),
+);

apps/api/src/modules/admin/admin-tech-step-catalog.service.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+import type {
+  ListTechStepPlaceholdersQuery,
+  MarkTechStepPlaceholdersReviewedInput,
+  TechStepPlaceholderView,
+} from "@batch-cooking/shared";
+import { prisma } from "../../db/prisma.js";
+
+/**
+ * The missing-technique review (issue #130) — the tech-step counterpart of
+ * `admin-catalog.service.ts`'s off-catalog *ingredient* review. Kept a flat
+ * list rather than grouping near-duplicate spellings the way that one does:
+ * correcting a technique — let alone typing one the catalog is missing — is
+ * rare enough that a handful of raw rows is all a maintainer ever sees here.
+ */
+
+/** Prisma `include` for the placeholder query — a bounded set of the `StepTechStep` rows pointing at this technique, each resolved to just its recipe id/name for the count + "seen in…" preview. */
+const placeholderInclude = {
+  steps: {
+    take: 50,
+    include: { step: { select: { recipe: { select: { id: true, name: true } } } } },
+  },
+} as const;
+
+/**
+ * Every placeholder `TechStep` (see `TechStep.isPlaceholder` in
+ * schema.prisma), most-impactful first (most distinct recipes, then name).
+ *
+ * `query.reviewed` selects which side to show: omitted / `"false"` drops
+ * rows already triaged (`reviewedAt` set) — the default working list;
+ * `"true"` keeps only those.
+ */
+export async function listTechStepPlaceholders(
+  query: ListTechStepPlaceholdersQuery,
+): Promise<TechStepPlaceholderView[]> {
+  try {
+    const rows = await prisma.techStep.findMany({
+      where: { isPlaceholder: true },
+      include: placeholderInclude,
+      orderBy: { createdAt: "asc" },
+    });
+
+    const wantReviewed = query.reviewed === "true";
+    return rows
+      .filter((row) => (row.reviewedAt !== null) === wantReviewed)
+      .map((row) => {
+        const recipeById = new Map<number, string>();
+        for (const link of row.steps) {
+          recipeById.set(link.step.recipe.id, link.step.recipe.name);
+        }
+        return {
+          id: row.id,
+          displayName: row.displayName ?? "",
+          createdAt: row.createdAt?.toISOString() ?? null,
+          reviewedAt: row.reviewedAt?.toISOString() ?? null,
+          recipeCount: recipeById.size,
+          sampleRecipes: [...recipeById.entries()].slice(0, 5).map(([id, name]) => ({ id, name })),
+        };
+      })
+      .sort(
+        (a, b) => b.recipeCount - a.recipeCount || a.displayName.localeCompare(b.displayName, "fr"),
+      );
+  } catch (err) {
+    throw err; // see recipe.service.ts's equivalent catch comment
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Stamps `reviewedAt` on the given placeholder `TechStep` ids — a
+ * maintainer has seen this proposal (and, if it warranted it, promoted it
+ * into `reference-seed-data.ts` + `tech-step-training-data.ts` by hand; this
+ * endpoint never touches the catalog itself). Scoped to
+ * `isPlaceholder: true` so a stray real id is a silent no-op. Returns how
+ * many rows were actually stamped.
+ */
+export async function markTechStepPlaceholdersReviewed(
+  input: MarkTechStepPlaceholdersReviewedInput,
+): Promise<{ reviewed: number }> {
+  try {
+    const { count } = await prisma.techStep.updateMany({
+      where: { id: { in: input.techStepIds }, isPlaceholder: true },
+      data: { reviewedAt: new Date() },
+    });
+    return { reviewed: count };
+  } catch (err) {
+    throw err; // see recipe.service.ts's equivalent catch comment
+  }
+}

apps/api/src/modules/cooking-session/cooking-session.service.ts

@@ -89,7 +89,12 @@ function toOptimizerRecipe(item: PlanningItemWithSteps): OptimizerRecipeInput {
         unit: line.unit === null ? null : toUnitView(line.unit),
       }));
       return {
-        techStep: { id: techStep.techStep.id, key: techStep.techStep.key },
+        techStep: {
+          id: techStep.techStep.id,
+          key: techStep.techStep.key,
+          isPlaceholder: techStep.techStep.isPlaceholder,
+          displayName: techStep.techStep.displayName,
+        },
         order: techStep.order,
         ingredients,
         utensils: techStep.utensils.map(({ utensil }) => ({ id: utensil.id, key: utensil.key })),

apps/api/src/modules/recipe/recipe-tech-step-correction.service.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { randomUUID } from "node:crypto";
 import { HttpError } from "@batch-cooking/error-tools";
 import {
   ErrorCode,
@@ -380,10 +381,20 @@ function toCorrectionView(correction: CorrectionWithTechSteps): StepTechStepCorr
     start: correction.start,
     end: correction.end,
     previousTechStep: correction.previousTechStep
-      ? { id: correction.previousTechStep.id, key: correction.previousTechStep.key }
+      ? {
+          id: correction.previousTechStep.id,
+          key: correction.previousTechStep.key,
+          isPlaceholder: correction.previousTechStep.isPlaceholder,
+          displayName: correction.previousTechStep.displayName,
+        }
       : null,
     correctedTechStep: correction.correctedTechStep
-      ? { id: correction.correctedTechStep.id, key: correction.correctedTechStep.key }
+      ? {
+          id: correction.correctedTechStep.id,
+          key: correction.correctedTechStep.key,
+          isPlaceholder: correction.correctedTechStep.isPlaceholder,
+          displayName: correction.correctedTechStep.displayName,
+        }
       : null,
     createdAt: correction.createdAt.toISOString(),
   };
@@ -449,83 +460,109 @@ export async function submitTechStepCorrection(
     );
     await assertUtensilsExist((input.utensils ?? []).map((u) => u.utensilId));
 
-    const { correction, techSteps } = await prisma.$transaction(async (tx) => {
+    const { correction, techSteps, placeholderTechStepId } = await prisma.$transaction(
-      const createdCorrection = await tx.stepTechStepCorrection.create({
+      async (tx) => {
-        data: {
+        // A technique the catalog doesn't have (issue #130) — mint a
-          stepId: step.id,
+        // placeholder `TechStep` for it, in the same transaction as the
-          correctorId,
+        // correction that references it, then proceed exactly as if its id had
-          start: input.start,
+        // been sent as `correctedTechStepId`. Same shape as
-          end: input.end,
+        // `recipe.service.ts`'s `resolveIngredientLines` does for a
-          previousTechStepId: input.previousTechStepId ?? null,
+        // free-text ingredient.
-          correctedTechStepId: input.correctedTechStepId ?? null,
+        const placeholderTechStepId =
-        },
+          input.correctedTechStepName !== undefined
-        include: correctionInclude,
+            ? (
-      });
+                await tx.techStep.create({
+                  data: {
+                    key: `placeholder:${randomUUID()}`,
+                    isPlaceholder: true,
+                    displayName: input.correctedTechStepName,
+                    createdById: correctorId,
+                    createdAt: new Date(),
+                  },
+                  select: { id: true },
+                })
+              ).id
+            : null;
+        const effectiveCorrectedTechStepId =
+          placeholderTechStepId ?? input.correctedTechStepId ?? null;
 
-      await applyManualCorrection(
+        const createdCorrection = await tx.stepTechStepCorrection.create({
-        tx,
+          data: {
-        step.id,
+            stepId: step.id,
-        { start: input.start, end: input.end },
+            correctorId,
-        input.previousTechStepId ?? null,
+            start: input.start,
-        input.correctedTechStepId ?? null,
+            end: input.end,
-        input.ingredients === undefined &&
+            previousTechStepId: input.previousTechStepId ?? null,
-          input.utensils === undefined &&
+            correctedTechStepId: effectiveCorrectedTechStepId,
-          input.temperatures === undefined
-          ? undefined
-          : {
-              ingredients: (input.ingredients ?? []).map((ingredient) => ({
-                ingredientId: ingredient.ingredientId,
-                quantity: ingredient.quantity ?? null,
-                unitId: ingredient.unitId ?? null,
-                start: ingredient.start,
-                end: ingredient.end,
-              })),
-              utensils: (input.utensils ?? []).map((utensil) => ({
-                utensilId: utensil.utensilId,
-                start: utensil.start,
-                end: utensil.end,
-              })),
-              // `raw` is derived here (not sent by the client) — see
-              // `ManualTemperatureMention`'s own doc comment.
-              temperatures: (input.temperatures ?? []).map((temperature) => ({
-                celsius: temperature.celsius ?? null,
-                gasMark: temperature.gasMark ?? null,
-                qualitative: temperature.qualitative ?? null,
-                raw: step.description.slice(temperature.start, temperature.end),
-                start: temperature.start,
-                end: temperature.end,
-              })),
-            },
-      );
-
-      // Same nested `ingredients`/`utensils`/`temperatures` include as
-      // `recipe.service.ts`'s `recipeInclude` — `toStepTechStepViews`
-      // (reused below) expects it, so the fresh sequence read right after a
-      // manual correction resolves exactly the same way a normal
-      // `GET /recipes/:id` would.
-      const freshTechSteps = await tx.stepTechStep.findMany({
-        where: { stepId: step.id },
-        orderBy: { order: "asc" },
-        include: {
-          techStep: true,
-          ingredients: {
-            include: {
-              ingredient: {
-                include: {
-                  allergies: { include: { allergy: { include: { category: true } } } },
-                  diets: { include: { diet: true } },
-                },
-              },
-              unit: true,
-            },
           },
-          utensils: { include: { utensil: true } },
+          include: correctionInclude,
-          temperatures: true,
+        });
-        },
-      });
 
-      return { correction: createdCorrection, techSteps: freshTechSteps };
+        await applyManualCorrection(
-    });
+          tx,
+          step.id,
+          { start: input.start, end: input.end },
+          input.previousTechStepId ?? null,
+          effectiveCorrectedTechStepId,
+          input.ingredients === undefined &&
+            input.utensils === undefined &&
+            input.temperatures === undefined
+            ? undefined
+            : {
+                ingredients: (input.ingredients ?? []).map((ingredient) => ({
+                  ingredientId: ingredient.ingredientId,
+                  quantity: ingredient.quantity ?? null,
+                  unitId: ingredient.unitId ?? null,
+                  start: ingredient.start,
+                  end: ingredient.end,
+                })),
+                utensils: (input.utensils ?? []).map((utensil) => ({
+                  utensilId: utensil.utensilId,
+                  start: utensil.start,
+                  end: utensil.end,
+                })),
+                // `raw` is derived here (not sent by the client) — see
+                // `ManualTemperatureMention`'s own doc comment.
+                temperatures: (input.temperatures ?? []).map((temperature) => ({
+                  celsius: temperature.celsius ?? null,
+                  gasMark: temperature.gasMark ?? null,
+                  qualitative: temperature.qualitative ?? null,
+                  raw: step.description.slice(temperature.start, temperature.end),
+                  start: temperature.start,
+                  end: temperature.end,
+                })),
+              },
+        );
+
+        // Same nested `ingredients`/`utensils`/`temperatures` include as
+        // `recipe.service.ts`'s `recipeInclude` — `toStepTechStepViews`
+        // (reused below) expects it, so the fresh sequence read right after a
+        // manual correction resolves exactly the same way a normal
+        // `GET /recipes/:id` would.
+        const freshTechSteps = await tx.stepTechStep.findMany({
+          where: { stepId: step.id },
+          orderBy: { order: "asc" },
+          include: {
+            techStep: true,
+            ingredients: {
+              include: {
+                ingredient: {
+                  include: {
+                    allergies: { include: { allergy: { include: { category: true } } } },
+                    diets: { include: { diet: true } },
+                  },
+                },
+                unit: true,
+              },
+            },
+            utensils: { include: { utensil: true } },
+            temperatures: true,
+          },
+        });
+
+        return { correction: createdCorrection, techSteps: freshTechSteps, placeholderTechStepId };
+      },
+    );
 
     analytics.recordEvent("tech_step.correction_submitted", {
       actorId: correctorId,
@@ -533,9 +570,20 @@ export async function submitTechStepCorrection(
         recipeId,
         stepId,
         previousTechStepId: input.previousTechStepId ?? null,
-        correctedTechStepId: input.correctedTechStepId ?? null,
+        correctedTechStepId: correction.correctedTechStepId,
       },
     });
+    if (placeholderTechStepId !== null) {
+      analytics.recordEvent("tech_step.placeholder_proposed", {
+        actorId: correctorId,
+        context: {
+          recipeId,
+          stepId,
+          techStepId: placeholderTechStepId,
+          name: input.correctedTechStepName ?? "",
+        },
+      });
+    }
 
     return { correction: toCorrectionView(correction), techSteps: toStepTechStepViews(techSteps) };
   } catch (err) {

apps/api/src/modules/recipe/recipe.service.ts

@@ -211,7 +211,12 @@ export function toStepTechStepViews(
     } = stepTechStep;
     if (start === null || end === null) continue;
     views.push({
-      techStep: { id: techStep.id, key: techStep.key },
+      techStep: {
+        id: techStep.id,
+        key: techStep.key,
+        isPlaceholder: techStep.isPlaceholder,
+        displayName: techStep.displayName,
+      },
       start,
       end,
       // `source` is a plain DB `String`, not a Prisma enum (see

apps/api/src/modules/reference/reference.service.ts

@@ -77,11 +77,21 @@ export async function getUnits(): Promise<UnitView[]> {
 /**
  * All reference cooking techniques, ordered by key (see {@link getDiets}
  * for why) — small, static list (see `reference-seed-data.ts`'s
- * `TECH_STEPS`). Not consumed by the recipe UI yet — see {@link TechStepView}.
+ * `TECH_STEPS`).
+ *
+ * Excludes placeholder rows (`TechStep.isPlaceholder` — the free-text
+ * techniques users propose when the catalog falls short, issue #130): this
+ * is the *browsable* catalog, and a placeholder is a per-correction
+ * stand-in, not a real entry anyone should pick again.
  */
 export async function getTechSteps(): Promise<TechStepView[]> {
   try {
-    return await prisma.techStep.findMany({ orderBy: { key: "asc" } });
+    const techSteps = await prisma.techStep.findMany({
+      where: { isPlaceholder: false },
+      select: { id: true, key: true },
+      orderBy: { key: "asc" },
+    });
+    return techSteps.map((techStep) => ({ ...techStep, isPlaceholder: false, displayName: null }));
   } catch (err) {
     throw err; // see getDiets()'s catch comment above
   }

apps/api/src/modules/sources/sources.service.ts

@@ -180,9 +180,20 @@ export async function previewSourceItem(
         ),
         loadIngredientCatalog(adapter.locale),
         loadUnitCatalog(adapter.locale),
-        prisma.techStep.findMany({ select: { id: true, key: true } }),
+        // Real catalog techniques only — a draft preview is never a saved
+        // recipe, so it can't carry a user-proposed placeholder technique
+        // (issue #130); `isPlaceholder`/`displayName` are the neutral values.
+        prisma.techStep.findMany({
+          where: { isPlaceholder: false },
+          select: { id: true, key: true },
+        }),
       ]);
-    const techStepById = new Map(techStepsByKey.map((techStep) => [techStep.id, techStep]));
+    const techStepById = new Map(
+      techStepsByKey.map((techStep) => [
+        techStep.id,
+        { ...techStep, isPlaceholder: false, displayName: null },
+      ]),
+    );
 
     const translatedIngredients = translateRecipeIngredients(
       parsed.ingredients,

apps/api/test/admin-catalog.test.ts

@@ -139,3 +139,118 @@ describe("Admin catalog — off-catalog ingredients", () => {
     expect(await prisma.ingredient.count({ where: { isPlaceholder: true } })).to.equal(1);
   });
 });
+
+/**
+ * `/admin/api/catalog/tech-step-placeholders` — the missing-technique review
+ * (issue #130). Flat list, `mark-reviewed` stamps `reviewedAt`; every route
+ * behind `requireAdmin`.
+ */
+describe("Admin catalog — missing techniques", () => {
+  const app = createApp();
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    await resetDatabase();
+  });
+
+  after(async () => {
+    await prisma.$disconnect();
+  });
+
+  async function adminAgent() {
+    const { email, password } = await seedAdmin();
+    const agent = request.agent(app);
+    await agent.post("/admin/api/auth/login").send({ email, password });
+    return agent;
+  }
+
+  /** A `PUBLIC` recipe whose single step carries a placeholder technique named `name`. Returns the placeholder `TechStep` id. */
+  async function seedPlaceholderTechnique(name: string): Promise<number> {
+    const author = await prisma.userProfile.create({
+      data: {
+        firstName: "T",
+        lastName: "A",
+        email: `${faker.string.uuid()}@example.test`,
+        passwordHash: "x",
+      },
+    });
+    const techStep = await prisma.techStep.create({
+      data: {
+        key: `placeholder:${faker.string.uuid()}`,
+        isPlaceholder: true,
+        displayName: name,
+        createdById: author.id,
+        createdAt: new Date(),
+      },
+    });
+    await prisma.recipe.create({
+      data: {
+        name: faker.lorem.words(3),
+        authorId: author.id,
+        portions: 2,
+        visibility: "PUBLIC",
+        steps: {
+          create: [
+            {
+              description: "Une étape.",
+              order: 0,
+              techSteps: {
+                create: [{ techStepId: techStep.id, order: 0, start: 0, end: 4, source: "manual" }],
+              },
+            },
+          ],
+        },
+      },
+    });
+    return techStep.id;
+  }
+
+  it("rejects both routes without an admin session", async () => {
+    expect((await request(app).get("/admin/api/catalog/tech-step-placeholders")).status).to.equal(
+      401,
+    );
+    expect(
+      (
+        await request(app)
+          .patch("/admin/api/catalog/tech-step-placeholders/mark-reviewed")
+          .send({ techStepIds: [1] })
+      ).status,
+    ).to.equal(401);
+  });
+
+  it("lists proposed techniques with their recipe count, impact-ordered", async () => {
+    await seedPlaceholderTechnique("Flamber au chalumeau");
+    await seedPlaceholderTechnique("Confire à basse température");
+
+    const agent = await adminAgent();
+    const res = await agent.get("/admin/api/catalog/tech-step-placeholders");
+
+    expect(res.status).to.equal(200);
+    expect(res.body).to.have.length(2);
+    expect(res.body.map((r: { displayName: string }) => r.displayName)).to.have.members([
+      "Flamber au chalumeau",
+      "Confire à basse température",
+    ]);
+    expect(res.body[0].recipeCount).to.equal(1);
+    expect(res.body[0].reviewedAt).to.equal(null);
+  });
+
+  it("mark-reviewed stamps reviewedAt and moves the row to the reviewed list", async () => {
+    const id = await seedPlaceholderTechnique("Snacker à la plancha");
+    const agent = await adminAgent();
+
+    const patched = await agent
+      .patch("/admin/api/catalog/tech-step-placeholders/mark-reviewed")
+      .send({ techStepIds: [id] });
+    expect(patched.status).to.equal(200);
+    expect(patched.body.reviewed).to.equal(1);
+    expect(
+      (await prisma.techStep.findUniqueOrThrow({ where: { id } })).reviewedAt,
+    ).to.be.an.instanceOf(Date);
+
+    expect((await agent.get("/admin/api/catalog/tech-step-placeholders")).body).to.have.length(0);
+    const reviewed = await agent
+      .get("/admin/api/catalog/tech-step-placeholders")
+      .query({ reviewed: "true" });
+    expect(reviewed.body).to.have.length(1);
+  });
+});

apps/api/test/recipe.test.ts

@@ -469,7 +469,12 @@ describe("Recipes", () => {
       // response itself carries exactly what to highlight, not just the id.
       const resStep = res.body.steps[0];
       expect(resStep.techSteps).to.have.length(1);
-      expect(resStep.techSteps[0].techStep).to.deep.equal({ id: simmer, key: "simmer" });
+      expect(resStep.techSteps[0].techStep).to.deep.equal({
+        id: simmer,
+        key: "simmer",
+        isPlaceholder: false,
+        displayName: null,
+      });
       const { start, end } = resStep.techSteps[0];
       expect(description.slice(start, end).toLowerCase()).to.equal("mijoter");
     });

apps/api/test/recipe/recipe-tech-step-correction.test.ts

@@ -109,7 +109,12 @@ describe("Recipe tech-step corrections", () => {
 
       expect(res.status).to.equal(201);
       expect(res.body.correction.previousTechStep).to.equal(null);
-      expect(res.body.correction.correctedTechStep).to.deep.equal({ id: simmerId, key: "simmer" });
+      expect(res.body.correction.correctedTechStep).to.deep.equal({
+        id: simmerId,
+        key: "simmer",
+        isPlaceholder: false,
+        displayName: null,
+      });
       expect(res.body.correction.start).to.equal(6);
       expect(res.body.correction.end).to.equal(13);
       // The step's real technique sequence reflects the correction right
@@ -117,7 +122,7 @@ describe("Recipe tech-step corrections", () => {
       // `applyManualCorrection`, `recipe-tech-step-correction.service.ts`).
       expect(res.body.techSteps).to.deep.equal([
         {
-          techStep: { id: simmerId, key: "simmer" },
+          techStep: { id: simmerId, key: "simmer", isPlaceholder: false, displayName: null },
           start: 6,
           end: 13,
           source: "manual",
@@ -128,6 +133,56 @@ describe("Recipe tech-step corrections", () => {
       ]);
     });
 
+    it("proposes a placeholder technique via correctedTechStepName when the catalog is missing one (issue #130)", async () => {
+      const { agent, profileId } = await signup();
+      const { recipeId, stepId } = await createPublicRecipeWithStep(profileId);
+
+      const res = await agent
+        .post(`/recipes/${recipeId}/steps/${stepId}/corrections`)
+        .send({ start: 6, end: 13, correctedTechStepName: "Flamber au chalumeau" });
+
+      expect(res.status).to.equal(201);
+      // A placeholder `TechStep` was minted and the correction points at it.
+      expect(res.body.correction.correctedTechStep.isPlaceholder).to.equal(true);
+      expect(res.body.correction.correctedTechStep.displayName).to.equal("Flamber au chalumeau");
+      // ...and the step's live sequence carries it straight away.
+      expect(res.body.techSteps).to.have.length(1);
+      expect(res.body.techSteps[0].techStep.isPlaceholder).to.equal(true);
+      expect(res.body.techSteps[0].techStep.displayName).to.equal("Flamber au chalumeau");
+      expect(res.body.techSteps[0].source).to.equal("manual");
+
+      const row = await prisma.techStep.findUniqueOrThrow({
+        where: { id: res.body.techSteps[0].techStep.id },
+      });
+      expect(row.isPlaceholder).to.equal(true);
+      expect(row.key).to.match(/^placeholder:/);
+      expect(row.createdById).to.equal(profileId);
+      expect(row.createdAt).to.be.an.instanceOf(Date);
+      expect(row.reviewedAt).to.equal(null);
+      // It never leaks into the browsable catalog.
+      const reference = await agent.get("/reference/tech-steps");
+      expect(
+        reference.body.some(
+          (t: { displayName?: string }) => t.displayName === "Flamber au chalumeau",
+        ),
+      ).to.equal(false);
+    });
+
+    it("rejects sending both correctedTechStepId and correctedTechStepName with 400 VALIDATION_ERROR", async () => {
+      const { agent, profileId } = await signup();
+      const { recipeId, stepId } = await createPublicRecipeWithStep(profileId);
+
+      const res = await agent.post(`/recipes/${recipeId}/steps/${stepId}/corrections`).send({
+        start: 6,
+        end: 13,
+        correctedTechStepId: await techStepId("simmer"),
+        correctedTechStepName: "Autre chose",
+      });
+
+      expect(res.status).to.equal(400);
+      expect(res.body.code).to.equal(ErrorCode.VALIDATION_ERROR);
+    });
+
     it("records a correction relabeling an existing match (both ids set), updating the existing techSteps entry in place", async () => {
       const { agent, profileId } = await signup();
       const { recipeId, stepId } = await createPublicRecipeWithStep(profileId);
@@ -145,13 +200,23 @@ describe("Recipe tech-step corrections", () => {
         .send({ start: 6, end: 13, previousTechStepId: simmerId, correctedTechStepId: boilId });
 
       expect(res.status).to.equal(201);
-      expect(res.body.correction.previousTechStep).to.deep.equal({ id: simmerId, key: "simmer" });
+      expect(res.body.correction.previousTechStep).to.deep.equal({
-      expect(res.body.correction.correctedTechStep).to.deep.equal({ id: boilId, key: "boil" });
+        id: simmerId,
+        key: "simmer",
+        isPlaceholder: false,
+        displayName: null,
+      });
+      expect(res.body.correction.correctedTechStep).to.deep.equal({
+        id: boilId,
+        key: "boil",
+        isPlaceholder: false,
+        displayName: null,
+      });
       // Still exactly one entry — the relabel updated the existing row
       // rather than adding a second one alongside it.
       expect(res.body.techSteps).to.deep.equal([
         {
-          techStep: { id: boilId, key: "boil" },
+          techStep: { id: boilId, key: "boil", isPlaceholder: false, displayName: null },
           start: 6,
           end: 13,
           source: "manual",
@@ -299,7 +364,7 @@ describe("Recipe tech-step corrections", () => {
       expect(res.status).to.equal(201);
       expect(res.body.techSteps).to.deep.equal([
         {
-          techStep: { id: simmerId, key: "simmer" },
+          techStep: { id: simmerId, key: "simmer", isPlaceholder: false, displayName: null },
           start: 6,
           end: 13,
           source: "manual",
@@ -535,7 +600,7 @@ describe("Recipe tech-step corrections", () => {
       expect(res.status).to.equal(201);
       expect(res.body.techSteps).to.deep.equal([
         {
-          techStep: { id: preheatId, key: "preheat" },
+          techStep: { id: preheatId, key: "preheat", isPlaceholder: false, displayName: null },
           start: 0,
           end: 11,
           source: "manual",
@@ -721,8 +786,18 @@ describe("Recipe tech-step corrections", () => {
 
       expect(res.status).to.equal(200);
       expect(res.body).to.have.length(2);
-      expect(res.body[0].correctedTechStep).to.deep.equal({ id: boilId, key: "boil" });
+      expect(res.body[0].correctedTechStep).to.deep.equal({
-      expect(res.body[1].correctedTechStep).to.deep.equal({ id: simmerId, key: "simmer" });
+        id: boilId,
+        key: "boil",
+        isPlaceholder: false,
+        displayName: null,
+      });
+      expect(res.body[1].correctedTechStep).to.deep.equal({
+        id: simmerId,
+        key: "simmer",
+        isPlaceholder: false,
+        displayName: null,
+      });
     });
 
     it("returns an empty list when nothing has been submitted yet", async () => {

apps/api/test/reference.test.ts

@@ -148,7 +148,30 @@ describe("Reference data", () => {
       // number — this catalog has grown since (26 -> 74) and will again.
       expect(res.body).to.have.length(TECH_STEPS.length);
       expect(res.body.map((t: { key: string }) => t.key)).to.include("simmer");
-      expect(res.body[0]).to.have.keys(["id", "key"]);
+      expect(res.body[0]).to.have.keys(["id", "key", "isPlaceholder", "displayName"]);
+      expect(res.body.every((t: { isPlaceholder: boolean }) => t.isPlaceholder === false)).to.equal(
+        true,
+      );
+    });
+
+    it("excludes placeholder techniques users proposed while correcting a step (issue #130)", async () => {
+      await prisma.techStep.create({
+        data: {
+          key: "placeholder:test-1",
+          isPlaceholder: true,
+          displayName: "Flamber au chalumeau",
+        },
+      });
+
+      const res = await request(app).get("/reference/tech-steps");
+
+      expect(res.status).to.equal(200);
+      expect(res.body).to.have.length(TECH_STEPS.length);
+      expect(
+        res.body.some(
+          (t: { displayName: string | null }) => t.displayName === "Flamber au chalumeau",
+        ),
+      ).to.equal(false);
     });
 
     it("orders techniques alphabetically by key", async () => {

apps/api/test/sources/sources.test.ts

@@ -339,7 +339,12 @@ describe("Sources", () => {
       const [step] = res.body.steps;
       expect(step.description).to.equal("Chop the onions finely");
       expect(step.techSteps).to.have.length(1);
-      expect(step.techSteps[0].techStep).to.deep.equal({ id: chop.id, key: "chop" });
+      expect(step.techSteps[0].techStep).to.deep.equal({
+        id: chop.id,
+        key: "chop",
+        isPlaceholder: false,
+        displayName: null,
+      });
       expect(
         step.description.slice(step.techSteps[0].start, step.techSteps[0].end).toLowerCase(),
       ).to.equal("chop");
@@ -382,6 +387,8 @@ describe("Sources", () => {
       expect(res.body.steps[0].techSteps[0].techStep).to.deep.equal({
         id: simmer.id,
         key: "simmer",
+        isPlaceholder: false,
+        displayName: null,
       });
     });
 

apps/web/cypress/component/TechStepCorrectionPopover.cy.tsx

@@ -194,6 +194,41 @@ describe("TechStepCorrectionPopover", () => {
     cy.get("@onSubmitted").should("have.been.calledOnce");
   });
 
+  it("proposes a technique the catalog is missing via the 'pas dans la liste' escape hatch (issue #130)", () => {
+    cy.intercept("POST", "**/recipes/2/steps/2/corrections", {
+      statusCode: 201,
+      body: {
+        id: 1,
+        start: 0,
+        end: 5,
+        previousTechStep: null,
+        correctedTechStep: {
+          id: 99,
+          key: "placeholder:x",
+          isPlaceholder: true,
+          displayName: "Flamber au chalumeau",
+        },
+        createdAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+      },
+    }).as("submitCorrection");
+    cy.mount(<Harness />);
+    cy.wait("@getTechSteps");
+
+    cy.contains("button", "Ma technique n'est pas dans la liste").click();
+    cy.get(".tech-step-correction-popover__missing-technique input").type("Flamber au chalumeau");
+    cy.contains(".tech-step-correction-popover__missing-technique button", "Ajouter").click();
+
+    cy.contains(".tech-step-correction-popover__chosen-technique", "Flamber au chalumeau");
+    cy.contains("button", "Valider").should("not.be.disabled").click();
+
+    cy.wait("@submitCorrection").its("request.body").should("deep.equal", {
+      start: 0,
+      end: 5,
+      previousTechStepId: null,
+      correctedTechStepName: "Flamber au chalumeau",
+    });
+  });
+
   it("adds an ingredient with quantity/unit via the span-selection flow, included in the submitted request", () => {
     cy.intercept("POST", "**/recipes/2/steps/2/corrections", {
       statusCode: 201,

apps/web/cypress/e2e/admin-catalog.cy.ts

@@ -78,6 +78,45 @@ describe("Admin catalog — off-catalog ingredients", () => {
     cy.get("@getPlaceholders.all").should("have.length.greaterThan", 1);
   });
 
+  it("switches to the Techniques kind and lists proposed missing techniques (issue #130)", () => {
+    cy.intercept("GET", "**/admin/api/catalog/placeholders*", { statusCode: 200, body: [] });
+    cy.intercept("GET", "**/admin/api/catalog/tech-step-placeholders*", {
+      statusCode: 200,
+      body: [
+        {
+          id: 5,
+          displayName: "Flamber au chalumeau",
+          createdAt: "2026-09-01T10:00:00.000Z",
+          reviewedAt: null,
+          recipeCount: 2,
+          sampleRecipes: [
+            { id: 1, name: "Crème brûlée" },
+            { id: 2, name: "Tarte flambée" },
+          ],
+        },
+      ],
+    }).as("getTechStepPlaceholders");
+    cy.intercept("PATCH", "**/admin/api/catalog/tech-step-placeholders/mark-reviewed", {
+      statusCode: 200,
+      body: { reviewed: 1 },
+    }).as("markTechStepReviewed");
+
+    cy.visit("/admin/catalogue");
+    cy.contains(".catalog-kinds button", "Techniques").click();
+    cy.wait("@getTechStepPlaceholders");
+
+    cy.contains(".catalog-card", "Flamber au chalumeau")
+      .should("contain.text", "2 recette")
+      .and("contain.text", "Crème brûlée");
+
+    cy.contains(".catalog-card", "Flamber au chalumeau")
+      .contains("button", "Marquer comme traité")
+      .click();
+    cy.wait("@markTechStepReviewed")
+      .its("request.body")
+      .should("deep.equal", { techStepIds: [5] });
+  });
+
   it("switches to the reviewed archive tab", () => {
     // Regex, not a glob: the two calls differ only by the `?reviewed=true`
     // query, and minimatch's `?` is itself a wildcard — a glob can't tell

apps/web/cypress/e2e/admin-layout.cy.ts

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ describe("Admin layout", () => {
     cy.intercept("GET", "**/admin/api/catalog/placeholders*", { statusCode: 200, body: [] });
     cy.contains("nav a", "Catalogue").click();
     cy.url().should("include", "/admin/catalogue");
-    cy.contains("h1", "Ingrédients hors-catalogue").should("be.visible");
+    cy.contains("h1", "Éléments hors-catalogue").should("be.visible");
 
     cy.contains("nav a", "Tableau de bord").click();
     cy.url().should("eq", `${Cypress.config().baseUrl}/admin`);

apps/web/src/api/admin-client.ts

@@ -11,10 +11,12 @@ import {
   ErrorCode,
   type ForgejoIntegrationStatus,
   type MarkPlaceholdersReviewedInput,
+  type MarkTechStepPlaceholdersReviewedInput,
   type MetricsView,
   type PruneOrphansResultView,
   type RetrainRequestInput,
   type RetrainResultView,
+  type TechStepPlaceholderView,
   type TourTargetView,
   type TrainingDataSnippetView,
   type TrainingSuggestionAdminView,
@@ -195,6 +197,21 @@ export class AdminApiClient {
     return this._request("/catalog/placeholders/prune-orphans", { method: "POST" });
   }
 
+  /** Free-text techniques users proposed while correcting a step, when the catalog was missing one (issue #130). Same `reviewed` tri-state as {@link getPlaceholders}. */
+  public getTechStepPlaceholders(reviewed?: "true" | "false"): Promise<TechStepPlaceholderView[]> {
+    return this._request(`/catalog/tech-step-placeholders${query({ reviewed })}`);
+  }
+
+  /** Marks the given placeholder technique ids as triaged (`reviewedAt`). */
+  public markTechStepPlaceholdersReviewed(
+    body: MarkTechStepPlaceholdersReviewedInput,
+  ): Promise<{ reviewed: number }> {
+    return this._request("/catalog/tech-step-placeholders/mark-reviewed", {
+      method: "PATCH",
+      body: JSON.stringify(body),
+    });
+  }
+
   /** Every guided-tour scenario — enabled *and* disabled — with its ordered steps (issue #44). */
   public getTourScenarios(): Promise<AdminTourScenarioView[]> {
     return this._request("/tours");

apps/web/src/features/recipes/recipes.scss

@@ -889,6 +889,26 @@
     font-weight: 600;
     cursor: pointer;
     padding: 0;
+    align-self: flex-start;
+  }
+
+  // "Ma technique n'est pas dans la liste" sub-form (issue #130) — a name
+  // field + a small confirm, shown in place of the "not in list" link once
+  // it's clicked.
+  &__missing-technique {
+    display: flex;
+    gap: var(--space-xs);
+
+    input {
+      flex: 1;
+      min-width: 0;
+      padding: var(--space-xs) var(--space-sm);
+      border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
+      border-radius: var(--radius-base);
+      background: var(--color-surface);
+      color: var(--color-text);
+      font: inherit;
+    }
   }
 
   &__remove-match {

apps/web/src/features/recipes/steps/StepDescription.tsx

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import { Tooltip } from "../../../components/ui/Tooltip";
 import { useTour } from "../../tour/TourContext";
 import { splitDescriptionSegments } from "./highlight-tech-steps";
 import { TechStepCorrectionPopover } from "./TechStepCorrectionPopover";
+import { techStepLabel } from "./tech-step-label";
 import { temperatureLabel } from "./temperature-label";
 import { type TextSelectionRange, useTextSelection } from "./use-text-selection";
 
@@ -318,11 +319,12 @@ export function StepDescription({
 
           const techStep = segment.techStep;
           const isManual = segment.source === "manual";
+          // `displayName` for a user-proposed technique the catalog is
+          // missing (issue #130), the i18n label otherwise.
+          const techLabel = techStepLabel(techStep, t);
           const tooltipLabel = isManual
-            ? t("recipes.techStepCorrection.manualTooltip", {
+            ? t("recipes.techStepCorrection.manualTooltip", { technique: techLabel })
-                technique: t(`catalog.techSteps.${techStep.key}`),
+            : techLabel;
-              })
-            : t(`catalog.techSteps.${techStep.key}`);
           return (
             <Tooltip key={key} content={tooltipLabel}>
               {/* A real <button>, not a <mark>, so it's natively focusable

apps/web/src/features/recipes/steps/TechStepCorrectionPopover.tsx

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import { ApiError, apiClient } from "../../../api/client";
 import { errorMessageService } from "../../../services/error-message.service";
 import { ingredientLabel } from "../ingredients/ingredient-label";
 import { CatalogSearchPicker } from "./CatalogSearchPicker";
+import { techStepLabel } from "./tech-step-label";
 import { temperatureLabel } from "./temperature-label";
 import type { TextSelectionRange } from "./use-text-selection";
 
@@ -358,6 +359,13 @@ export function TechStepCorrectionPopover({
   const popoverRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
   const [techSteps, setTechSteps] = useState<TechStepView[] | null>(null);
   const [selectedTechStepId, setSelectedTechStepId] = useState<number | null>(previousTechStepId);
+  // A free-text technique the catalog doesn't have (issue #130) — set from
+  // the "pas dans la liste" sub-form. Mutually exclusive with
+  // `selectedTechStepId`: whichever is set is what `confirm()` submits (as
+  // `correctedTechStepName` vs `correctedTechStepId`).
+  const [proposedTechStepName, setProposedTechStepName] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const [isNamingMissingTechnique, setIsNamingMissingTechnique] = useState(false);
+  const [missingTechniqueDraft, setMissingTechniqueDraft] = useState("");
   // The technique picker hides behind "Changer" once something's already
   // picked (see this component's own doc comment) — starts open only when
   // there's nothing to show yet (a brand-new selection).
@@ -506,7 +514,7 @@ export function TechStepCorrectionPopover({
   }
 
   async function confirm() {
-    if (selectedTechStepId === null) return;
+    if (selectedTechStepId === null && proposedTechStepName === null) return;
     setIsSubmitting(true);
     setError(null);
     try {
@@ -514,7 +522,11 @@ export function TechStepCorrectionPopover({
         start: range.start,
         end: range.end,
         previousTechStepId,
-        correctedTechStepId: selectedTechStepId,
+        // Exactly one of these — a catalog id, or free text for a technique
+        // the catalog is missing (issue #130).
+        ...(proposedTechStepName !== null
+          ? { correctedTechStepName: proposedTechStepName }
+          : { correctedTechStepId: selectedTechStepId ?? undefined }),
         ...(metadataTouched
           ? {
               ingredients: pendingIngredients.map(({ quote: _quote, ...rest }) => rest),
@@ -616,10 +628,14 @@ export function TechStepCorrectionPopover({
   const ingredientById = new Map((catalogs?.ingredients ?? []).map((i) => [i.id, i]));
   const unitById = new Map((catalogs?.units ?? []).map((u) => [u.id, u]));
   const utensilById = new Map((catalogs?.utensils ?? []).map((u) => [u.id, u]));
+  const selectedTechStep =
+    selectedTechStepId !== null ? techSteps?.find((ts) => ts.id === selectedTechStepId) : undefined;
   const currentTechniqueLabel =
-    selectedTechStepId !== null
+    proposedTechStepName !== null
-      ? t(`catalog.techSteps.${techSteps?.find((ts) => ts.id === selectedTechStepId)?.key ?? ""}`)
+      ? proposedTechStepName
-      : null;
+      : selectedTechStep
+        ? techStepLabel(selectedTechStep, t)
+        : null;
 
   return (
     <div className="tech-step-correction-popover" ref={popoverRef}>
@@ -652,7 +668,11 @@ export function TechStepCorrectionPopover({
                 <button
                   type="button"
                   className="tech-step-correction-popover__technique-change"
-                  onClick={() => setIsChangingTechnique(true)}
+                  onClick={() => {
+                    setIsChangingTechnique(true);
+                    setProposedTechStepName(null);
+                    setIsNamingMissingTechnique(false);
+                  }}
                 >
                   {t("recipes.techStepCorrection.changeTechnique")}
                 </button>
@@ -670,19 +690,61 @@ export function TechStepCorrectionPopover({
             </div>
 
             {(currentTechniqueLabel === null || isChangingTechnique) && (
-              <CatalogSearchPicker
+              <>
-                items={techSteps.map((techStep) => ({
+                <CatalogSearchPicker
-                  id: techStep.id,
+                  items={techSteps.map((techStep) => ({
-                  label: t(`catalog.techSteps.${techStep.key}`),
+                    id: techStep.id,
-                }))}
+                    label: techStepLabel(techStep, t),
-                selectedId={selectedTechStepId ?? undefined}
+                  }))}
-                onSelect={(id) => {
+                  selectedId={selectedTechStepId ?? undefined}
-                  setSelectedTechStepId(id);
+                  onSelect={(id) => {
-                  setIsChangingTechnique(false);
+                    setSelectedTechStepId(id);
-                }}
+                    setProposedTechStepName(null);
-                placeholder={t("recipes.techStepCorrection.searchTechniquePlaceholder")}
+                    setIsNamingMissingTechnique(false);
-                emptyLabel={t("recipes.techStepCorrection.noTechniqueFound")}
+                    setIsChangingTechnique(false);
-              />
+                  }}
+                  placeholder={t("recipes.techStepCorrection.searchTechniquePlaceholder")}
+                  emptyLabel={t("recipes.techStepCorrection.noTechniqueFound")}
+                />
+                {/* Escape hatch for a technique the catalog is missing (issue
+                    #130) — the correction still applies immediately, and the
+                    proposed name lands in the admin catalogue-gap review. */}
+                {isNamingMissingTechnique ? (
+                  <div className="tech-step-correction-popover__missing-technique">
+                    <input
+                      type="text"
+                      value={missingTechniqueDraft}
+                      onChange={(e) => setMissingTechniqueDraft(e.target.value)}
+                      placeholder={t("recipes.techStepCorrection.missingTechniquePlaceholder")}
+                      aria-label={t("recipes.techStepCorrection.missingTechniqueLabel")}
+                    />
+                    <button
+                      type="button"
+                      className="tech-step-correction-popover__confirm-mini"
+                      disabled={missingTechniqueDraft.trim().length === 0}
+                      onClick={() => {
+                        setProposedTechStepName(missingTechniqueDraft.trim());
+                        setSelectedTechStepId(null);
+                        setIsNamingMissingTechnique(false);
+                        setIsChangingTechnique(false);
+                      }}
+                    >
+                      {t("recipes.techStepCorrection.missingTechniqueAdd")}
+                    </button>
+                  </div>
+                ) : (
+                  <button
+                    type="button"
+                    className="tech-step-correction-popover__technique-change"
+                    onClick={() => {
+                      setMissingTechniqueDraft("");
+                      setIsNamingMissingTechnique(true);
+                    }}
+                  >
+                    {t("recipes.techStepCorrection.techniqueNotInList")}
+                  </button>
+                )}
+              </>
             )}
           </section>
 
@@ -993,7 +1055,9 @@ export function TechStepCorrectionPopover({
               type="button"
               className="tech-step-correction-popover__confirm-button"
               onClick={confirm}
-              disabled={isSubmitting || selectedTechStepId === null}
+              disabled={
+                isSubmitting || (selectedTechStepId === null && proposedTechStepName === null)
+              }
             >
               {t("recipes.techStepCorrection.confirm")}
             </button>

apps/web/src/features/recipes/steps/tech-step-label.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+import type { TechStepView } from "@batch-cooking/shared";
+
+/**
+ * The display label for a technique — its French catalog label
+ * (`t(\`catalog.techSteps.${key}\`)`) for a real seeded technique, or the
+ * user's verbatim text for a **placeholder** (`isPlaceholder`, the free text
+ * a user typed while correcting a step when the catalog was missing the
+ * technique — issue #130, `TechStep.isPlaceholder` in schema.prisma), which
+ * has no i18n key at all. Same `displayName ?? t(...)` split as
+ * `ingredients/ingredient-label.ts`; `t` is passed in so this stays a plain
+ * function.
+ */
+export function techStepLabel(
+  techStep: Pick<TechStepView, "key" | "isPlaceholder" | "displayName">,
+  t: (key: string) => string,
+): string {
+  return techStep.isPlaceholder && techStep.displayName !== null
+    ? techStep.displayName
+    : t(`catalog.techSteps.${techStep.key}`);
+}

apps/web/src/locales/fr/translation.json

@@ -219,6 +219,10 @@
       "noTechniqueSelected": "Aucune technique sélectionnée.",
       "searchTechniquePlaceholder": "Rechercher une technique…",
       "noTechniqueFound": "Aucune technique trouvée.",
+      "techniqueNotInList": "Ma technique n'est pas dans la liste",
+      "missingTechniquePlaceholder": "Nommez la technique manquante…",
+      "missingTechniqueLabel": "Technique manquante",
+      "missingTechniqueAdd": "Ajouter",
       "ingredientsSection": "Ingrédients",
       "utensilsSection": "Ustensiles",
       "temperatureSection": "Température",
@@ -1373,9 +1377,14 @@
       }
     },
     "catalog": {
-      "title": "Ingrédients hors-catalogue",
+      "title": "Éléments hors-catalogue",
-      "lead": "Ingrédients saisis en texte libre par les utilisateurs parce que le catalogue ne les couvrait pas. Regroupés par nom normalisé — à promouvoir dans reference-seed-data.ts + les locales, à la main.",
+      "lead": "Saisis en texte libre par les utilisateurs parce que le catalogue ne les couvrait pas — à promouvoir dans reference-seed-data.ts + les locales, à la main.",
       "empty": "Aucun ingrédient hors-catalogue.",
+      "techStepEmpty": "Aucune technique proposée à revoir.",
+      "kind": {
+        "ingredients": "Ingrédients",
+        "techSteps": "Techniques"
+      },
       "tab": {
         "pending": "À traiter",
         "reviewed": "Traités"

apps/web/src/pages/admin/catalog/CatalogPage.tsx

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import type { CatalogPlaceholderGroupView } from "@batch-cooking/shared";
+import type { CatalogPlaceholderGroupView, TechStepPlaceholderView } from "@batch-cooking/shared";
 import { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
 import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 import { adminApiClient } from "../../../api/admin-client";
@@ -6,25 +6,82 @@ import "../admin-page.scss";
 import "./catalog-page.scss";
 import { type CatalogTab, formatDate, reviewedParam, splitSpellings } from "./catalog";
 
-type CatalogState =
+type IngredientState =
   | { status: "loading" }
   | { status: "loaded"; groups: CatalogPlaceholderGroupView[] }
   | { status: "error" };
 
+type TechStepState =
+  | { status: "loading" }
+  | { status: "loaded"; rows: TechStepPlaceholderView[] }
+  | { status: "error" };
+
+/** Which catalogue gap the page is reviewing — off-catalog ingredients, or techniques users proposed while correcting a step (issue #130). */
+type CatalogKind = "ingredients" | "techSteps";
+
 /**
- * Off-catalog ingredient review. Lists every placeholder `Ingredient` (the
+ * Off-catalog review. Two lists a maintainer works through to see what the
- * free text users typed when the seeded catalog fell short — see
+ * seeded catalog is missing: the free-text **ingredients** users typed on a
- * `Ingredient.isPlaceholder` in the API schema), grouped by normalized
+ * recipe line (grouped by normalized name), and the free-text **techniques**
- * name, so a maintainer sees what the catalog is missing and how many
+ * users proposed while correcting a step (issue #130, a flat list — that's
- * recipes are waiting on it. Actions are deliberately minimal: mark a gap
+ * rarer). Actions are deliberately minimal: mark a gap as handled (and, for
- * as handled, or purge rows no recipe references any more. Actually adding
+ * ingredients, purge rows no recipe references any more). Adding the real
- * the catalog entry stays a manual edit of `reference-seed-data.ts` + the
+ * catalog entry stays a manual edit of `reference-seed-data.ts` + the locale
- * locale files.
+ * files.
  */
 export function CatalogPage() {
   const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const [kind, setKind] = useState<CatalogKind>("ingredients");
   const [tab, setTab] = useState<CatalogTab>("pending");
-  const [state, setState] = useState<CatalogState>({ status: "loading" });
+
+  return (
+    <div className="admin-page">
+      <h1 className="admin-page__title">{t("admin.catalog.title")}</h1>
+      <p className="admin-page__lead">{t("admin.catalog.lead")}</p>
+
+      <div className="catalog-kinds" role="tablist">
+        {(["ingredients", "techSteps"] as const).map((value) => (
+          <button
+            key={value}
+            type="button"
+            role="tab"
+            aria-selected={kind === value}
+            className={kind === value ? "active" : undefined}
+            onClick={() => setKind(value)}
+          >
+            {t(`admin.catalog.kind.${value}`)}
+          </button>
+        ))}
+      </div>
+
+      <div className="catalog-tabs" role="tablist">
+        {(["pending", "reviewed"] as const).map((value) => (
+          <button
+            key={value}
+            type="button"
+            role="tab"
+            aria-selected={tab === value}
+            className={tab === value ? "active" : undefined}
+            onClick={() => setTab(value)}
+          >
+            {t(`admin.catalog.tab.${value}`)}
+          </button>
+        ))}
+      </div>
+
+      {kind === "ingredients" ? (
+        <IngredientPlaceholders tab={tab} />
+      ) : (
+        <TechStepPlaceholders tab={tab} />
+      )}
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+
+/** The off-catalog ingredient list — grouped by normalized name, with a prune-orphans action. */
+function IngredientPlaceholders({ tab }: { tab: CatalogTab }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const [state, setState] = useState<IngredientState>({ status: "loading" });
   const [pendingIds, setPendingIds] = useState<number[] | null>(null);
   const [pruneMessage, setPruneMessage] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [isPruning, setIsPruning] = useState(false);
@@ -78,25 +135,8 @@ export function CatalogPage() {
   }
 
   return (
-    <div className="admin-page">
+    <>
-      <h1 className="admin-page__title">{t("admin.catalog.title")}</h1>
-      <p className="admin-page__lead">{t("admin.catalog.lead")}</p>
-
       <div className="catalog-toolbar">
-        <div className="catalog-tabs" role="tablist">
-          {(["pending", "reviewed"] as const).map((value) => (
-            <button
-              key={value}
-              type="button"
-              role="tab"
-              aria-selected={tab === value}
-              className={tab === value ? "active" : undefined}
-              onClick={() => setTab(value)}
-            >
-              {t(`admin.catalog.tab.${value}`)}
-            </button>
-          ))}
-        </div>
         <button type="button" onClick={pruneOrphans} disabled={isPruning}>
           {isPruning ? t("admin.catalog.pruning") : t("admin.catalog.pruneOrphans")}
         </button>
@@ -124,7 +164,90 @@ export function CatalogPage() {
             ))}
           </ul>
         ))}
-    </div>
+    </>
+  );
+}
+
+/** The proposed-technique list (issue #130) — a flat list, each row markable as reviewed. */
+function TechStepPlaceholders({ tab }: { tab: CatalogTab }) {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const [state, setState] = useState<TechStepState>({ status: "loading" });
+  const [busyId, setBusyId] = useState<number | null>(null);
+  const requestSeq = useRef(0);
+
+  const load = useCallback((forTab: CatalogTab) => {
+    const seq = ++requestSeq.current;
+    setState({ status: "loading" });
+    adminApiClient
+      .getTechStepPlaceholders(reviewedParam(forTab))
+      .then((rows) => {
+        if (seq === requestSeq.current) setState({ status: "loaded", rows });
+      })
+      .catch(() => {
+        if (seq === requestSeq.current) setState({ status: "error" });
+      });
+  }, []);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    load(tab);
+  }, [tab, load]);
+
+  function markReviewed(id: number) {
+    setBusyId(id);
+    adminApiClient
+      .markTechStepPlaceholdersReviewed({ techStepIds: [id] })
+      .then(() => load(tab))
+      .catch(() => load(tab))
+      .finally(() => setBusyId(null));
+  }
+
+  if (state.status === "loading") {
+    return <p className="admin-page__placeholder">{t("admin.common.loading")}</p>;
+  }
+  if (state.status === "error") {
+    return <p className="admin-page__placeholder">{t("admin.common.loadError")}</p>;
+  }
+  if (state.rows.length === 0) {
+    return <p className="admin-page__placeholder">{t("admin.catalog.techStepEmpty")}</p>;
+  }
+  return (
+    <ul className="catalog-list">
+      {state.rows.map((row) => {
+        const firstSeen = formatDate(row.createdAt);
+        return (
+          <li key={row.id} className="catalog-card">
+            <div className="catalog-card__head">
+              <h2 className="catalog-card__name">{row.displayName}</h2>
+              <span className="catalog-card__count">
+                {t("admin.catalog.recipeCount", { count: row.recipeCount })}
+              </span>
+            </div>
+            {row.sampleRecipes.length > 0 && (
+              <p className="catalog-card__recipes">
+                {t("admin.catalog.seenIn")}{" "}
+                {row.sampleRecipes.map((recipe) => recipe.name).join(", ")}
+              </p>
+            )}
+            <div className="catalog-card__foot">
+              {firstSeen && (
+                <span className="catalog-card__seen">
+                  {t("admin.catalog.firstSeen", { date: firstSeen })}
+                </span>
+              )}
+              {row.reviewedAt === null && (
+                <button
+                  type="button"
+                  onClick={() => markReviewed(row.id)}
+                  disabled={busyId === row.id}
+                >
+                  {busyId === row.id ? t("admin.catalog.marking") : t("admin.catalog.markReviewed")}
+                </button>
+              )}
+            </div>
+          </li>
+        );
+      })}
+    </ul>
   );
 }
 

apps/web/src/pages/admin/catalog/catalog-page.scss

@@ -37,9 +37,37 @@
   }
 }
 
+// Ingrédients / Techniques switch (issue #130) — sits above the
+// pending/reviewed tabs; a bolder segmented control so the two levels read
+// as distinct.
+.catalog-kinds {
+  display: flex;
+  gap: var(--space-xs);
+  margin-bottom: var(--space-sm);
+
+  button {
+    padding: var(--space-xs) var(--space-md);
+    font-family: var(--font-display);
+    font-size: var(--font-size-sm);
+    font-weight: 700;
+    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
+    color: var(--color-text-muted);
+    background: none;
+    border: none;
+    border-bottom: 2.5px solid transparent;
+    cursor: pointer;
+
+    &.active {
+      color: var(--color-primary);
+      border-color: var(--color-primary);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 .catalog-tabs {
   display: flex;
   gap: var(--space-xs);
+  margin-bottom: var(--space-md);
 
   button {
     padding: var(--space-sm) var(--space-md);

packages/shared/src/schemas/admin.ts

@@ -129,6 +129,26 @@ export const markPlaceholdersReviewedSchema = z.object({
 /** Inferred TS type for {@link markPlaceholdersReviewedSchema}. */
 export type MarkPlaceholdersReviewedInput = z.infer<typeof markPlaceholdersReviewedSchema>;
 
+/**
+ * Query params for `GET /admin/api/catalog/tech-step-placeholders` — the
+ * missing technique review (issue #130). Same tri-state `reviewed` as
+ * {@link listPlaceholdersQuerySchema}.
+ */
+export const listTechStepPlaceholdersQuerySchema = z.object({
+  reviewed: z.enum(["true", "false"]).optional(),
+});
+/** Inferred TS type for {@link listTechStepPlaceholdersQuerySchema}. */
+export type ListTechStepPlaceholdersQuery = z.infer<typeof listTechStepPlaceholdersQuerySchema>;
+
+/** Body of `PATCH /admin/api/catalog/tech-step-placeholders/mark-reviewed` — stamps `reviewedAt` on the given placeholder `TechStep` ids. */
+export const markTechStepPlaceholdersReviewedSchema = z.object({
+  techStepIds: z.array(z.number().int().positive()).min(1).max(500),
+});
+/** Inferred TS type for {@link markTechStepPlaceholdersReviewedSchema}. */
+export type MarkTechStepPlaceholdersReviewedInput = z.infer<
+  typeof markTechStepPlaceholdersReviewedSchema
+>;
+
 // --- Guided-tour scenario CRUD (`/admin/api/tours`, issue #44) ----------
 
 /** One step of a scenario, as sent by the admin editor. `route` is `null` to stay on the previous step's route; `title`/`content` are free text. */

packages/shared/src/schemas/recipe.ts

@@ -235,6 +235,13 @@ const manualStepTechStepTemperatureInputSchema = z
  * `description` length to validate `start`/`end` against, which this shape
  * alone can't see.
  *
+ * `correctedTechStepName` is the escape hatch for a technique the catalog
+ * doesn't have at all (issue #130): free text instead of an id. The service
+ * creates a placeholder `TechStep` (`isPlaceholder: true`) for it and then
+ * proceeds exactly as if `correctedTechStepId` had named that new row.
+ * Mutually exclusive with `correctedTechStepId`; either one satisfies every
+ * "a corrected technique is required" check below.
+ *
  * `ingredients`/`utensils`/`temperatures` let the user attach metadata to
  * the technique they're asserting (`correctedTechStepId`), same
  * `source: "manual"` distinction the technique itself gets. The three
@@ -260,6 +267,8 @@ export const submitTechStepCorrectionSchema = z
     end: z.number().int().nonnegative(),
     previousTechStepId: z.number().int().positive().nullable().optional(),
     correctedTechStepId: z.number().int().positive().nullable().optional(),
+    /** Free-text technique the catalog is missing — see this schema's doc comment. Mutually exclusive with `correctedTechStepId`. */
+    correctedTechStepName: z.string().trim().min(1).max(80).optional(),
     ingredients: z.array(manualStepTechStepIngredientInputSchema).optional(),
     utensils: z.array(manualStepTechStepUtensilInputSchema).optional(),
     temperatures: z.array(manualStepTechStepTemperatureInputSchema).optional(),
@@ -269,10 +278,20 @@ export const submitTechStepCorrectionSchema = z
     path: ["end"],
   })
   .refine(
-    (input) =>
+    (input) => input.correctedTechStepId == null || input.correctedTechStepName === undefined,
-      (input.previousTechStepId ?? null) !== null || (input.correctedTechStepId ?? null) !== null,
     {
-      message: "at least one of previousTechStepId/correctedTechStepId is required",
+      message: "provide correctedTechStepId or correctedTechStepName, not both",
+      path: ["correctedTechStepName"],
+    },
+  )
+  .refine(
+    (input) =>
+      (input.previousTechStepId ?? null) !== null ||
+      (input.correctedTechStepId ?? null) !== null ||
+      input.correctedTechStepName !== undefined,
+    {
+      message:
+        "at least one of previousTechStepId/correctedTechStepId/correctedTechStepName is required",
       path: ["correctedTechStepId"],
     },
   )
@@ -281,9 +300,10 @@ export const submitTechStepCorrectionSchema = z
       (input.ingredients === undefined &&
         input.utensils === undefined &&
         input.temperatures === undefined) ||
-      (input.correctedTechStepId ?? null) !== null,
+      (input.correctedTechStepId ?? null) !== null ||
+      input.correctedTechStepName !== undefined,
     {
-      message: "ingredients/utensils/temperatures require a correctedTechStepId to attach to",
+      message: "ingredients/utensils/temperatures require a corrected technique to attach to",
       path: ["correctedTechStepId"],
     },
   );

packages/shared/src/types/admin.ts

@@ -228,3 +228,25 @@ export interface CatalogPlaceholderGroupView {
 export interface PruneOrphansResultView {
   deleted: number;
 }
+
+/**
+ * One row of `GET /admin/api/catalog/tech-step-placeholders` — a placeholder
+ * `TechStep` (see `TechStep.isPlaceholder`, issue #130): a technique a user
+ * typed while correcting a step because the catalog was missing it. A flat
+ * list, not grouped like the ingredient placeholders — correcting a
+ * technique (let alone hitting a missing one) is rare enough that
+ * near-duplicate spellings aren't the problem there.
+ */
+export interface TechStepPlaceholderView {
+  id: number;
+  /** The exact text the user typed. */
+  displayName: string;
+  /** ISO 8601, or `null` for a row created before the column existed. */
+  createdAt: string | null;
+  /** ISO 8601 once a maintainer has triaged it, else `null`. */
+  reviewedAt: string | null;
+  /** Distinct recipes whose steps currently carry this placeholder technique. */
+  recipeCount: number;
+  /** Up to 5 of those recipes, for a "seen in…" preview. */
+  sampleRecipes: { id: number; name: string }[];
+}

packages/shared/src/types/reference.ts

@@ -203,11 +203,24 @@ export interface UnitView {
  *
  * `key` is a stable English camelCase uid (e.g. `"simmer"`), not a display
  * label — resolved via `t(\`catalog.techSteps.${key}\`)`, same as
- * {@link DietView.key}.
+ * {@link DietView.key} — **except** for a placeholder (see `isPlaceholder`),
+ * whose label is `displayName` verbatim. Consumers resolve the label as
+ * `displayName ?? t(\`catalog.techSteps.${key}\`)` (helper: `apps/web`'s
+ * `features/recipes/steps/tech-step-label.ts`).
  */
 export interface TechStepView {
   id: number;
   key: string;
+  /**
+   * `true` = a free-text technique a user typed while correcting a step
+   * because the catalog had nothing matching (issue #130) — see
+   * `TechStep.isPlaceholder` in schema.prisma. Never returned by
+   * `GET /reference/tech-steps` (the browsable catalog excludes them); only
+   * ever seen on a step's own detected-technique sequence.
+   */
+  isPlaceholder: boolean;
+  /** The user-typed name when `isPlaceholder` — `null` for a real catalog technique (its label is in i18n). */
+  displayName: string | null;
 }
 
 /**